PET/CT is widely used for the evaluation of patients with thoracic malignancies.
Although the levels of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake are
usually high in neoplastic diseases, they can also be physiological, due to
artifacts. In addition, FDG uptake can occur in benign conditions such as
infectious, inflammatory, and iatrogenic lesions. Furthermore, some malignant
tumors, such as adenocarcinoma in situ (formerly known as bronchoalveolar
carcinoma) and carcinoid tumors, may not show FDG uptake. Here, we illustrate
the main pitfalls and artifacts in the interpretation of the results of
oncologic PET/CT of the chest, outlining strategies for avoiding
misinterpretation.