Comparison of Stem-cell-mediated Osteogenesis and Dentinogenesis

Abstract

The difference between stem-cell-mediated bone and dentin regeneration is not yet well-understood. Here we use an in vivo stem cell transplantation system to investigate differential regulation mechanisms of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Elevated expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) was found to be associated with the formation of hematopoietic marrow in BMSSC transplants, but not in the connective tissue of DPSC transplants. The expression of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) specifically marked dentin synthesis in DPSC transplants. Moreover, DPSCs were found to be able to generate reparative dentin-like tissue on the surface of human dentin in vivo. This study provided direct evidence to suggest that osteogenesis and dentinogenesis mediated by BMSSCs and DPSCs, respectively, may be regulated by distinct mechanisms, leading to the different organization of the mineralized and non-mineralized tissues.

The static magnetic field accelerates the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of dental pulp cells

“…Because of the above observations, analyses by ALP activity and calcium accumulation became crucial to provide more direct evidence regarding the effect of Dex/b-GP and SMF exposure on the osteogenic differentiation of DPCs. In addition, mineralization is an essential process, both in osteogenesis and detinogenesis (Batouli et al 2003). We suggested that SMF exposure also assisted in the dentinogenesis based on the present findings in this study, though we did not study the differentiation of odontoblasts.…”

“…On the other hand, bone and dentin are similar in their matrix protein composition, including OPN, collagen type I, and bone sialoprotein, though their crystal structures are different (Batouli et al 2003;Shimazu et al 2002). One of the functions of those matrices seemed to support cell differentiation, whether in the osteogenesis or detinogenesis (Batouli et al 2003). We found that DPCs had the original expression of ALP and OPN genes.…”

“…Moreover, we also noticed that not only the ALP gene but also its protein expression in rat DPCs was higher than human gingival fibroblasts (1.48 ± 0.29) and was similar to human dental pulp cells (5.46 ± 0.24) (data not shown). Dental pulp cells are the common progenitors of odontoblasts and osteoblasts (Batouli et al 2003) and they proceed with differentiation/ mineralization from the total population of cells (Kasugai et al 1993;Gronthos et al 2000). Accordingly, we thought that DPCs still had the potential to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells from the limited population of dental progenitors/stem cells, inspite of a possibly lower efficiency of differentiation.…”

“…Accordingly, we thought that DPCs still had the potential to differentiate into osteoblast-like cells from the limited population of dental progenitors/stem cells, inspite of a possibly lower efficiency of differentiation. On the other hand, bone and dentin are similar in their matrix protein composition, including OPN, collagen type I, and bone sialoprotein, though their crystal structures are different (Batouli et al 2003;Shimazu et al 2002). One of the functions of those matrices seemed to support cell differentiation, whether in the osteogenesis or detinogenesis (Batouli et al 2003).…”

Lessons from musculoskeletal stem cell research: The key to successful regenerative medicine development

“…For example, synovial membrane MSCs show preferential cartilage formation in vitro when compared with bone marrow and periosteal-derived MSCs (78). Conversely, adult bone marrow MSCs appear to have osteogenesis as a default differentiation pathway (79)(80)(81)(82). Therefore, MSCs demonstrate variability in their chondrogenic and osteogenic potentials that could possibly be related to their original environments.…”