Comparison of stereoscopic digital imaging and slide film photography in the identification of macular degeneration

Somani, Rizwan; Tennant, Matt; Rudnisky, Christopher J.; Weis, Ezekiel; Ting, Andrew; Eppler, Jayson; Greve, Mark; Hinz, Brad J.; Leon, Alex de

doi:10.1016/s0008-4182(05)80072-9

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…8,10 Additional costs were reduced by utilizing fundus camera technology already located at the optometrist's office. Existing optometric technicians were cross-trained to take retinal photographs and upload images to the secure Web server.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optometric Referrals to Retina Specialists: Evaluation and Triage via Teleophthalmology

Hanson

Tennant

Rudnisky

2008

Telemedicine and e-Health

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A retrospective noncomparative consecutive case series was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a novel teleophthalmology program linking optometrists to retina specialists in Alberta, Canada. One hundred seventy-one patients, referred by optometrists via teleophthalmology to a group retina practice between June 2004 and May 2006 underwent stereoscopic, mydriatic digital photography. Images were transmitted to a secure Web server and analyzed by a retina specialist. Diagnosis and recommendations were sent back to the optometrist and, if necessary, patients were referred for additional testing and clinical evaluation. A chart review of all clinical encounters was performed and the data was tabulated. Demographic features, diagnosis, testing, treatment, distance and time traveled by patient, durations between telemedicine referral, teleophthalmology consultation, in-person consultation, testing, and treatment were recorded. One hundred seventy patients were assessed via teleophthalmology for a total of 190 consultations. Eighty-nine patients (52.0%) required conventional in-person consultation with a referral completion success of 92.1% (82 patients). Fifty of these patients underwent additional diagnostic testing including fluorescein angiography (41), optical coherence tomography (14), laboratory testing (5), visual fields (2), carotid Doppler ultrasound (2), and ocular ultrasound (2). Twenty-five patients required surgical or medical treatment including focal argon laser (10), photodynamic therapy (8), panretinal photocoagulation (2), vitrectomy (2), scleral buckle (1), and other procedures (8). Average wait time between telemedicine referral and teleophthalmology review of images by the retina specialist was 1.9 days (maximum = 20 days). For those patients requiring office evaluation, the average wait time between teleophthalmology referral and in-person evaluation was 25.1 days. Twenty-one of the 25 patients (84.0%) requiring treatment underwent examination, testing, and treatment in a single day. When compared to conventional consultation methods, teleophthalmology reduced average travel distance and time by 219.1 km and 2.7 hours, respectively. Teleophthalmology reduced office visits to the retina specialist by 48% while improving the efficiency of clinical examination, testing, and treatment. Patients benefited through reduced travel time and distance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system had been previously validated for the identification of diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. [5][6][7][8][9][10] As part of the program, images could be viewed at any workstation, with access to a secure Web site, www. teleophthalmology.com.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optometric Referrals to Retina Specialists: Evaluation and Triage via Teleophthalmology

Hanson

Tennant

Rudnisky

2008

Telemedicine and e-Health

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“…A total of 203 eyes of 103 patients with a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were enrolled in the study of Somani et al [57], who compared the sensitivity and specificity of stereoscopic digital photography of the dilated pupil with a 45° FOV nonmydriatic camera with those of 35-mm slide film photography in the identification of AMD. Digital images were saved as compressed JPEG image files.…”

Section: Influence On the Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Ocular Fundus Imaging: A Review

Bernardes

Serranho

Lobo³

2011

Ophthalmologica

175

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Ocular fundus imaging plays a key role in monitoring the health status of the human eye. Currently, a large number of imaging modalities allow the assessment and/or quantification of ocular changes from a healthy status. This review focuses on the main digital fundus imaging modality, color fundus photography, with a brief overview of complementary techniques, such as fluorescein angiography. While focusing on two-dimensional color fundus photography, the authors address the evolution from nondigital to digital imaging and its impact on diagnosis. They also compare several studies performed along the transitional path of this technology. Retinal image processing and analysis, automated disease detection and identification of the stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are addressed as well. The authors emphasize the problems of image segmentation, focusing on the major landmark structures of the ocular fundus: the vascular network, optic disk and the fovea. Several proposed approaches for the automatic detection of signs of disease onset and progression, such as microaneurysms, are surveyed. A thorough comparison is conducted among different studies with regard to the number of eyes/subjects, imaging modality, fundus camera used, field of view and image resolution to identify the large variation in characteristics from one study to another. Similarly, the main features of the proposed classifications and algorithms for the automatic detection of DR are compared, thereby addressing computer-aided diagnosis and computer-aided detection for use in screening programs.

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“…A modified AREDS grading scale 78 was used by another group to compare stereoscopic digital retinal photography through dilated pupils using a 45º non-mydriatic camera with 35 mm slide photography in the identification of AMD. For 203 eyes there was substantial correlation between the two image formats for identifying AREDS grade 3a or greater (κ ω = 0.64), and excellent correlation for identifying grade 4b or greater (κ ω = 0.83).…”

Section: Use Of Grading Scales With Digital Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%