Comparison of Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Solid Phase Extraction as Enrichment Techniques in Combination with Column Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples

Novel stir bar sorptive extraction methods for environmental and biomedical analysis

“…In the case of PAH analysis, because PAHs have high boiling points, the SBSE-LD-HPLC-FD method is mainly used, in which LOD is of the 0.1-1 ng l −1 level [18][19][20][21]. On the other hand, the SBSE-TD-GC-MS method enables measurement with LOD at the sub ng l −1 level [21,43,44,64] [75].…”

“…Table 1 summarizes the SBSE methods used in environmental analyses. Successful applications include volatile aromatics [17,38], halogenated solvents [17,38], PAHs [18][19][20][21]43,44,67,73], PCBs [75], organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticide (OPPs) or insecticides [76], pyrethroid pesticides [55], odorous compounds [77,78], organotin compounds [79] and EDCs [53,54], such as alkylphenols (APs) [54,66,73,79], BPA [54,62,65,66], chlorophenols (CPs) [60,65,68] and estrogens [63,64].…”

“…As an alternative to TD, the analyst can use LD. Sampling can also be performed in the headspace of a liquid or a solid sample, the so-called head space sorptive extraction (HSSE) method [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], and LD is used [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][53][54][55]. Approximately 100-200 l of an organic solvent, such as methanol and acetonitrile, is used for the desorption.…”

“…The desorption time is approximately 5-10 min. In the case of LD, the sample is subjected to conventional HPLC [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], CE [28,29] or GC with large-volume injection (LVI) [53][54][55].…”

“…The former process has high sensitivity because the entire extract can be analyzed by TD and GC. On the other hand, the latter process can be applied to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] or capillary electrophoresis (CE) [28,29], and high polarity or thermally labile compounds can be analyzed.…”