Comparison of structural differences between yeast β-glucan sourced from different strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae and processed using proprietary manufacturing processes

Boutros, Jean A.; Magee, Andrew S.; Cox, Donald

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130708

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cereal-derived b-glucans contain unbranched linear chains with varying ratios of 1,3-and 1,4glycosidic bonds, whereas fungal, lichen, and yeast b-glucans have linear backbones composed of only 1,3-glycosidic bonds and varying amounts of b-1,6-glycosidic branch points along the backbone (29). The yeast b-1,3/1,6-glucans have been shown to have better immunomodulatory effects than other types of bglucans (28,29). b-Glucans have been able to produce beneficial metabolic and gastrointestinal effects, altering lipid and glucose metabolism (30)(31)(32) and balancing blood glucose and cholesterol levels.…”

Section: Use Of β-Glucans As Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis

Preethy

Raghavan²,

Dedeepiya³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal immune response induced by infection with no approved or specific therapeutic options. We present our perspectives for the therapeutic management of sepsis through a four-way approach: (1) infection control through immune enhancement; (2) immune suppression during the initial hyper-inflammatory phase; (3) balanced immune-modulation to counter the later immune-paralysis phase; and (4) advantageous effects on metabolic and coagulation parameters throughout. COVID-19 is a virus-triggered, accelerated sepsis-like reaction that is associated with the rapid progress of an inflammatory cascade involving a cytokine storm and multiorgan failure. Here, we discuss the potential of the biological response modifiers, β-glucans (BRMGs), in the management of sepsis based on their beneficial effects on inflammatory-immune events in COVID-19 clinical studies. In COVID-19 patients, apart from metabolic regulation, BRMGs, derived from a black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans strain AFO-202, have been reported to stimulate immune responses. BRMGs, produced by another strain (N-163) of A. pullulans, have been implicated in the beneficial regulation of inflammatory markers and immunity, namely IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), leucocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR), and leukocyte-to-IL-6 ratio (LeIR). Agents such as these β-glucans, which are safe as they have been widely consumed by humans for decades, have potential as adjuncts for the prevention and management of sepsis as they exert their beneficial effects across the spectrum of processes and factors involved in sepsis pathology, including, but not limited to, metabolism, infection, inflammation, immune modulation, immune enhancement, and gut microbiota.

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Section: Use Of β-Glucans As Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the natural immunomodulators, glucans have consistently shown the highest biological effect, with more than 20,000 published studies ( 28 ). β-1,3-Glucans are highly conserved structures termed to PAMPs ( 27 ).…”

Section: Use Of β-Glucans As Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis

Preethy

Raghavan²,

Dedeepiya³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Cereal β-glucans show a number of health properties. They lower blood cholesterol and glucose [32], support the treatment of obesity, inflammation of the intestine, and gastric mucosa, and take part in the microbiota modulation [5,32,33].…”

Section: General Characteristic Of β-Glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beta-glucans are also a part of the inner layer of the yeast cell walls, where their content varies widely, ranging from 78% to 84% [33]. The content of glucans largely depends on the method of yeast cultivation.…”

Section: General Characteristic Of β-Glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several types of glucans in the yeast cell wall, differing in the type of bonds and the branching of molecules. Among others, there are high-molecular-weight, insoluble 1-3-β-glucans with a few side branches connected to the main chain by a β-1-6 bond, low-molecular-weight, highly branched β-1-6-glucans with side branches connected to the main chain by a β-1-3 bond, and low-molecular-weight, soluble 1-3-β-glucans with side chains connected by a β-1-6 bond [33,34].…”

Section: General Characteristic Of β-Glucansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beta-Glucans from Fungi: Biological and Health-Promoting Potential in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Mirończuk-Chodakowska

Kujawowicz

Witkowska

2021

Nutrients

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Beta-glucans comprise a group of polysaccharides of natural origin found in bacteria, algae, and plants, e.g., cereal seeds, as well as microfungi and macrofungi (mushrooms), which are characterized by diverse structures and functions. They are known for their metabolic and immunomodulatory properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral. Recent reports suggest a potential of beta-glucans in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In contrast to β-glucans from other sources, β-glucans from mushrooms are characterized by β-1,3-glucans with short β-1,6-side chains. This structure is recognized by receptors located on the surface of immune cells; thus, mushroom β-glucans have specific immunomodulatory properties and gained BRM (biological response modifier) status. Moreover, mushroom beta-glucans also owe their properties to the formation of triple helix conformation, which is one of the key factors influencing the bioactivity of mushroom beta-glucans. This review summarizes the latest findings on biological and health-promoting potential of mushroom beta-glucans for the treatment of civilization and viral diseases, with particular emphasis on COVID-19.

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A comprehensive review on the structure-activity relationships and applications of β-D-glucans

Luo,

Geng,

Feng

et al. 2024

Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre

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Comparison of structural differences between yeast β-glucan sourced from different strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae and processed using proprietary manufacturing processes

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis

Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis

Beta-Glucans from Fungi: Biological and Health-Promoting Potential in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

A comprehensive review on the structure-activity relationships and applications of β-D-glucans

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