Comparison of sulfur–iodine and copper–chlorine thermochemical hydrogen production cycles

High-temperature nuclear reactor power plant cycle for hydrogen and electricity production – numerical analysis

“…The steam is produced in the last cycle which realizes an independent Rankine cycle. In the literature several types of Cu-Cl cycles are presented [13]. Three different variations of the Cu-Cl cycle are currently under investigation: 3-step, 4-step and 5-step cycles.…”

“…The thermochemical copper -chlorine cycle, realized in four steps is carried out in a lower temperature range and requires heat and electricity supply. It is recommended to employ when the working fluid is at low temperature but still at least 500°C (the efficiency of hydrogen production is 47% at 800 o C for HTR [13] …”

Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production via thermochemical water splitting using multi-step Cu–Cl cycles

“…The heat requirements for each step, as evaluated by Wang et al (2010), are presented in Table 1. This information is used to calculate the thermal energy requirement of the system.…”

Thermalhydraulic analysis and heat transfer correlation for an intermediate heat exchanger linking a SuperCritical Water-cooled Reactor and a Copper-Chlorine cycle for hydrogen co-generation

“…The shift towards research on the 4-step process has eliminated a large source of exothermic heat from the cycle, thereby reducing the amount of thermal energy that can be recycled. As a result, the net heat input required by the cycle is 247 kJ/g of hydrogen with 46 kJ/g available for recycling [37]. Previous studies have assumed that up to 50% of the heat generated within the cycle may be recoverable [38].…”