Comparison of Supercritical CHF₃ and CO₂ for Extraction of Sulfonamides from Various Food Matrices

Abstract

Supercritical CHF3 and methanol-modified CHF3 were compared with supercritical CO2 and methanol-modified CO2 for the extraction of sulfonamides from a spiked sand sample. In addition, a fortified nonfat milk powder, fortified egg yolk, and fortified beef liver were studied. The results showed CHF3 has higher solvating power and selectivity for extraction of two of the three sulfonamides than CO2. Extraction efficiencies of sulfamethazine and sulfadimethoxine using pure CHF3 were more than 45% higher from spiked sand samples and over 200% higher from fortified beef liver samples than pure CO2.

A Unified Sample Preparation System for Extraction of Various Analyte/Matrix Combinations

“…The objectives of our study were to demonstrate the effectiveness of ESE for four types of analyte/matrix situations and to compare ESE results with previously obtained SFE results on the same system: 1) sulfonamides from beef liver, 2) antioxidants from Sulfonamide-spiked beef liver was prepared and aged as previously described [10]. The effect of three solvents (e. g., acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol) was first studied using 3000 psi, 80 8C, 30 min extraction, and solvent flush volume of 10 mL.…”

“…Earlier, these same sulfa drugs spiked onto beef liver were subjected to SFE with 20% acetone-modified CO 2 [10] Extraction time in each case was 30 min. The SFE temperature was 40 8C; whereas, the ESE temperature was 80 8C.…”

Supercritical fluids in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry, Part I: technology, instrumentation and methodology

“…Chlorodifluoromethane (Freon-22) has proven to possess excellent solvation properties for chromatography and sample extraction of polar analytes. 63,64 Trifluoromethane also possesses similar properties, [65][66][67] as does the more ecofriendly tetrafluoroethane (Freon-134a). 68,69 The downside to using these substances as solvents is their limited availability, higher cost and environmental concerns.…”

Quantitative extraction of sulfonamides in meats by supercritical methanol‐modified carbon dioxide: A foray into real‐world sampling

“…In the last ten years considerable research efforts have focused on evaluation of the effects obtained by varying various extraction parameters such as temperature [11,13,14], pressure [6,11,13,14], modifier addition [6,8,11], and other conditions that affect the SFE process [18 -21].The literature covering the most significant articles published in this field has been reviewed [22,23].…”

“…To date, supercritical fluid extraction of SAs from biological matrices [6 -12] has mainly involved the use of pure supercritical CO 2 [6,9,10] or CHF 3 [6 -7], methanol-modified CO 2 [6 -8,11 -14] and methanol-modified CHF 3 [6 -7] as extraction fluids. Because of the polar nature of SAs, and since CO 2 is a relatively nonpolar fluid, a modifier is added to enhance the analyte's solubility or to compete with the analytes for the active sites on the matrix.…”