Comparison of surface interactions for NH and NH2 on polymer and metal substrates during NH3 plasma processing

Abstract

How different plasma species influence the reactions and reactivity of each other during plasma processing is not fully understood, especially with respect to surface interactions. The goal of this study is to provide insight into the relationships between gas-phase NHx species in NH3 plasmas. Specifically, formation of NHx, their relationship with the surface during plasma processing, and the effects of charged species on these interactions are discussed. The surface reactivities of NH and NH2 radicals with different substrate materials during NH3 plasma processing were investigated using the imaging of radicals interacting with surfaces technique. Scatter coefficients, S, for NHx species were obtained as a function of applied rf power for polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and platinum substrates. To investigate the role of ions on the formation of NHx radicals in the gas phase and at the surface, ions were removed (>98%) from the plasma molecular beam. Results from the “ion-free” conditions suggest that ions enhance NH2 surface generation, but suppress NH-forming mechanisms at high rf powers. Surface interaction results for NH and NH2 with and without ions provide the basis for a discussion of possible surface interaction mechanisms for the different substrates examined.

Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Ni

“…The studies on the decomposition of NH 3 in RF discharge have been many times reported, and the NH 3 decomposes into several kinds of radicals, NH x and H 3Àx , where x is 1 or 2. [20][21][22] For HPNi, the radicals in H 2 plasma are H 2 and H, so NH x radicals are additionally involved in the reaction chemistry of APNi to affect the increase of growth rate. In addition, the reaction chemistry of APNi was more sensitive to T s than that of HPNi as shown in Fig.…”

Plasma Catalysis as an Alternative Route for Ammonia Production: Status, Mechanisms, and Prospects for Progress

“…Reactive radicals, such as NH x in an N 2 –H 2 discharge, which are known to play a significant role in ammonia production, − can be produced by reactions between dissociated atoms and excited molecules as shown in Table . These NH x radicals can then produce ammonia by three-body reactions in the gas phase or on the catalyst surface.…”

On the importance of ions and ion-molecule reactions to plasma-surface interface reactions

“…For the lower mass ions, essentially all of the ions are removed at the lower power with only ϳ5% transmitting through the grounded mesh. In other plasma systems, we have shown that Ͼ99% of the ions can be removed using the grounded mesh [31].…”