Comparison of Technological Properties of Different Wheat Species

Abstract

For the widespread introduction of different species of wheat into processing, it is necessary to understand the features of the physicochemical properties of these wheats, which determine the behavior of the grain during its milling and the obtaining flour during the dough making process. Technological properties of grain of four different wheat species and the laboratory milling flour obtained from them were investigated.
 It was found that according to grain quality indicators, milling properties and quality flour indicators, 4 species of wheat grain grown in the same agro-climatic conditions showed significant differences. Hard wheat with GPC-B1 gene (breeding line) has a superior baking strength due to the GPC-B1 gene, which significantly increases the protein content in grain (13.51%), gluten content (26.1%), test Zeleny (58 ml) and ash content (1.69%) compare to common hard wheat (Kuyalnyk variety). As a result, flour shown high values of: strength (W=396×10-4 J), high SRC in lactic acid (160%), high dough stability (>30 minutes), low degree of softening of the dough (43 UF). According to the obtained data, waxy wheat (Sofiika variety) consimilar with common baking wheat, excluding low value of Falling Number (FN=70 seconds). When determining on the alveograph, the dough is very tight (L<40 mm) due to high water absorption capacity (WAC=67.3%). The results of SRC test in sodium carbonate confirmed the high value of starch damage with the highest result (108%). Soft wheat (Bilyava variety) differs significantly from common hard wheat. In terms of wheat quality indicators, it can be attributed to medium bread-baking strength. Such flour characterized by less ash content (0.47%), but higher whiteness (70.7 units), less protein content (10.79%), less elasticity (Ie=44.3), but greater extensibility, resulting in a lower P/L ratio (0.83) and less water absorption capacity (WAC=52.7%).
 According to milling properties was investigated that hard wheat with the GPC-B1 locus and common hard wheat Kuyalnik shown similar results. The total yield of flours from these wheats during milling is above 70%, which indicates the economic feasibility of their processing into flour. During milling waxy wheat has a decrease in the reduction flour yield and an increase in the reduction bran yield. Absolutely different results in milling properties show soft wheat. The total yield of soft flour is less – 67.17% with significant increasing of break flour yield and decreasing reduction flour yield.
 Different properties of grain and flour determine the different end use of grain of each wheat species. Wheat with the GPC-B1 gene can be used in production of flour which is used in low-temperature technologies for the manufacture of frozen convenience foods and also as improver for increase the rheological properties of the dough or for pasta-making properties. For end use of waxy wheat (Sofiika variety) can be recommended in the production of pasta products. Although waxy flour can be used as regulator in flour blending for correcting the indicators of common baking wheat. Blends of flour from waxy wheat grain and flour from hard wheat grain with GPC-B1 gene are ideal for making frozen products. Soft wheat (Belyava variety) flour preferred for low moisture crackers, cookies and can be added in a small amount to special types of bread to give a lighter color to the crumb.