Comparison of tests of physical fitness of student teachers at Cape Town

Aw, Sloan

doi:10.1007/bf00716279

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Of the 96 studies [16] – [18] , [20] , [24] – [26] , [29] , [36] , [39] , [40] , [43] , [45] , [46] , [48] , [51] , [53] – [56] , [59] – [61] , [63] – [68] , [70] – [72] , [74] , [76] – [80] , [83] , [85] , [86] , [89] , [91] , [92] , [95] , [96] , [98] , [103] – [105] , [107] , [109] – [114] , [116] – [120] , [123] , [124] , [126] , [128] , [129] , [132] , [133] , [135] , [136] , [140] , [143] , …”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPrevalence of childhood overweight/obesity has increased considerably in recent years. The transition to higher rates of overweight/obesity has been well documented in high income countries; however, consistent or representative data from lower income countries is scarce. It is therefore pertinent to assess if rates of overweight/obesity are also increasing in lower income countries, to inform public health efforts.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence for an overweight/obesity transition occurring in school-aged children and youth in Sub Saharan Africa.MethodsStudies were identified by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Africa Index Medicus, Global Health, Geobase, and EPPI-Centre electronic databases. Studies that used subjective or objective metrics to assess body composition in apparently healthy or population-based samples of children and youth aged 5 to 17 years were included.ResultsA total of 283 articles met the inclusion criteria, and of these, 68 were used for quantitative synthesis. The four regions (West, Central, East, and South) of Sub Saharan Africa were well represented, though only 11 (3.9%) studies were nationally representative. Quantitative synthesis revealed a trend towards increasing proportions of overweight/obesity over time in school-aged children in this region, as well as a persistent problem of underweight. Weighted averages of overweight/obesity and obesity for the entire time period captured were 10.6% and 2.5% respectively. Body composition measures were found to be higher in girls than boys, and higher in urban living and higher socioeconomic status children compared to rural populations or those of lower socioeconomic status.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence for an overweight/obesity transition in school-aged children in Sub Saharan Africa. The findings of this review serve to describe the region with respect to the growing concern of childhood overweight/obesity, highlight research gaps, and inform interventions.PROSPERO Registration NumberCRD42013004399

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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“…The majority of these studies were published in the past three years, but studies were included from as early as 1967 [19]. Almost half (47.2%) of the 36 fitness related studies included South African participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Muthuri

Wachira

LeBlanc

et al. 2014

IJERPH

147

155

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Recent physical activity (PA) and fitness transitions, identified as behavioural shifts from traditionally active lifestyles to more industralised and sedentary lifestyles, have been observed among school-aged children. There is a wealth of supporting evidence of such behavioural transitions in high income countries; however, a paucity of data on lower income countries exists. These transitions pose a particular threat to the welfare of children by accelerating the onset of chronic diseases. This systematic review investigated the evidence for a PA and fitness transition among Sub-Saharan Africa’s school-aged children. Temporal trends and correlates of PA, SB, and fitness were examined. Studies were identified by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Africa Index Medicus, Global Health, Geobase, and EPPI-Centre electronic databases, and were included if they measured outcomes of interest in apparently healthy samples of children (5‒17 years). A total of 71 articles met the inclusion criteria (40 informed PA, 17 informed SB, and 37 informed fitness). Vast heterogeneity in study methodology complicated analysis of transitions over time and no temporal trends were immediately discernible. However, higher socioeconomic status, urban living, and female children were found to engage in lower levels of PA, higher SB, and performed worse on aerobic fitness measures compared to lower socioeconomic status, rural living, and male children. Data revealed that urbanization was associated with a trend towards decreased PA, increased SB, and decreased aerobic fitness over time. Representative, temporally sequenced data examining a PA and fitness transition are lacking in this region (PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42013004399).

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“…Asmussen & Mathiasen (1962) (1962) Astrand et al (1972) Heiters et al (1966) Bottin et al (1968b) Bottin et al (1968a Wyndham (1972) Flandrois & LaCour (1966) lower than in the general 3. Astrand nomogram Previous comparisons between bicycle ergometer predictions and directly measured treadmill maxima (Shephard et al, 1968) have suggested that in young and moderately active Canadians, a first submaximal test over-estimates the true maximum by 8.4%.…”

Section: Authormentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This could reflect the continued economic privilege of the general University population, or the selection of physical education as a career by taller students. The former hypothesis seems the more likely, since in Belgium, women physical education students were 5 cm shorter than those enrolled in other faculties (Bottin et al, 1968), while in South Africa the male physical education students were 0.2 cm shorter and the women 2.2 cm taller than those from other disciplines (Sloan, 1966).…”

Section: Physical Fitness Of Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Fitness of Canadian Physical Education Students with a Note on International Differences

Shephard¹,

Pimm²

1975

Br J Sports Med

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Measurements of physical fitness have been carried out on 161 University of Toronto physical and health education students, 78 men and 83 women; 144 of the students were non-smokers, and the remainder had a relatively light cigarette consumption, 10 men averaging 12.3 cigarettes/day and 7 women 8.7 cigarettes/day.The more fit members of the group tended to volunteer for maximum testing, while less fit subjects elected sub-maximum test procedures. Allowing for this factor, the average V02 (max) was 49.0 ml./kg. min in the male non-smokers, 37.7 ml./kg. min in the female non-smokers, 51.8 ml./kg. min for male smokers and 42.9 ml./kg. min for female smokers. Measurements of skinfold thicknesses (average readings for four groups 12.2, 13.3, 19.5 and 15.3 mm) with estimates of body fat (18.0, 28.5, 21.9 and 27.7%), muscle strength and lean mass support the view that although most students perceive themselves as fit, neither the men nor the women have an exceptional capacity for endurance work.Despite a recent and fairly light cigarette habit, lung volumes are poorer in the smokers than in the non-smokers.Even at the first laboratory visit, bicycle ergometer predictions of \'O2 (max) over-estimate direct treadmill readings for this group, the discrepancy being 5-6% for the men and 8-9% for the women.

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Comparison of tests of physical fitness of student teachers at Cape Town

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Evidence of an Overweight/Obesity Transition among School-Aged Children and Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Physical Fitness of Canadian Physical Education Students with a Note on International Differences

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