Comparison of the Accuracy between Denture Bases Produced by Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing Methods: A Pilot Study

Grande, Francesco; Tesini, Fabio; Pozzan, Mario Cesare; Zamperoli, Edoardo Mochi; Carossa, Massimo; Catapano, Santo

doi:10.3390/prosthesis4020015

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This type of dental resins facilitates the production of denture bases by easy milling [4]. Despite these advantages, the following disadvantages exist for PMMA: hypersensitivity, color changes over time, abrasion, and porosity [5]. Another limitation is the monochromatic and unesthetic teeth, which some manufacturers have overcome by using a unique layering system, resulting in polychromatic teeth that simulate the dentin and enamel of natural teeth, providing premium esthetics [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Stability Determination of CAD/CAM Milled and 3D Printed Acrylic Resins for Denture Bases: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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The aim of this paper is to review the available literature on the different methods for color stability determination of CAD/CAM milled and 3D printed resins for denture bases. The methodology included applying a search strategy, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria and selecting studies to summarize the results. Searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were performed independently by three reviewers to gather the literature published between 1998 and 2022. A total of 186 titles were obtained from the electronic database, and the application of exclusion criteria resulted in the identification of 66 articles pertaining to the different methods for color stability determination of CAD/CAM acrylic resins for denture bases. Color change in dental materials is clinically very important for the dental operator, as it determines the clinical serviceability of the material. Discoloration of the denture bases can be evaluated with various instruments and methods. Dental resins may undergo color changes over time due to intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors. The extrinsic factors are considered the more frequent causes of color changes. According to a number of studies, CAD/CAM fabricated acrylics have achieved better color stability than the conventional PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) resins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Stability Determination of CAD/CAM Milled and 3D Printed Acrylic Resins for Denture Bases: A Narrative Review

et al. 2022

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“…11 However, subtractive production of dentures produces large amounts of waste and requires a vast amount of raw material. 12 On the other hand, 3D-printing of a dental prosthesis is accomplished by layering of the material. Therefore, it is considered less expensive than milling due to reduced material waste and absence of wear of milling tools.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, a number of studies reported that milled CAD‐CAM fabricated specimens present superior color stability compared to heat‐, self‐, and light‐cured acrylics 10 or 3D‐printed acrylic resin 11 . However, subtractive production of dentures produces large amounts of waste and requires a vast amount of raw material 12 . On the other hand, 3D‐printing of a dental prosthesis is accomplished by layering of the material.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flexural Properties and Hardness of CAD‐CAM Denture Base Materials

Fouda

Gad

Abualsaud

et al. 2022

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Purpose To compare flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness of computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing CAD‐CAM milled, 3D‐printed, and heat‐polymerized denture base resins. Materials and methods A total of 120 specimens were fabricated from heat‐polymerized acrylic resin (HP), milled resin (Avadent and IvoCad), and 3D‐printed resin (ASIGA, FormLabs, and NextDent). The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the type of denture base material (n = 20/material) (10/flexural properties and 10/hardness). Flexural strength and elastic modulus of the specimens were evaluated by 3‐point bending test and surface hardness by Vickers hardness test. To test flexural properties, the specimens were fabricated according to ISO 20795‐1:2013 standards (64 × 10 × 3.3 ± 0.2 mm). The dimensions for hardness test were 15 × 10 × 2.5 ± 0.2 mm. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface morphology of the fractured specimens. The means and standard deviations were calculated, followed by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Milled resins showed significantly higher values for flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness, followed by HP and then 3D‐printed resins (p < 0.001). Within milled groups, flexural strength of AvaDent was significantly higher than IvoCad (p < 0.001), while elastic modulus and hardness didn't show significant difference. Within 3D‐printed resins, ASIGA showed the highest flexural strength and elastic modulus, insignificantly with FormLabs (p = 0.595) and significantly with NextDent (p = 0.008). ASIGA also showed significantly the highest hardness among the 3D‐printed groups. No significant difference was found between FormLabs and NextDent in flexural strength (p = 0.357), elastic modulus (p = 1.00), or surface hardness (p = 0.987). Conclusion CAD‐CAM milled resins had greater flexural properties and hardness compared to heat‐polymerized acrylic resin and 3D‐printed resins. Although 3D‐printed samples showed the lowest values of tested properties, the flexural strength and modulus were above clinically acceptable values.

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“…The findings of Vallittu et al showed that the increased amount of water sorption could be caused by the printed layering technique [50]. The absorbed water enters between the layers into the resin's polymer; thus, the interpolymeric spaces are filled with water, which penetrates the empty spaces and voids, forcing the polymer chain away from other chains [51][52][53][54]. This theory was confirmed using the method of electron microscopy [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Water Sorption and Solubility of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM Milled, and PMMA Denture Base Materials Subjected to Artificial Aging

Dimitrova,

Vlahova,

Hristov

et al. 2023

J. Compos. Sci.

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Background: This in vitro study aimed to investigate and evaluate the values of water sorption and water solubility of four types of denture base polymers—3D-printed NextDent 3D Denture + (NextDent, 3D Systems, Soesterberg, The Netherlands), CAD/CAM milled Ivotion Base (Ivotion Denture System, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), PMMA conventional Vertex BasiQ 20 (Vertex Dental, 3D Systems, Soesterberg, The Netherlands), and conventional heat-cured BMS (BMS Dental Srl, Rome, Italy)—which were subjected to artificial aging. Materials and methods: 200 specimens were created (n = 50), dried, and weighed accurately. They were immersed in artificial saliva (T1 = 7 days, T2 = 14 days, T3 = 1 month) and re-weighed after water absorption. After desiccation at 37 °C for 24 h and then at 23 ± 1 °C for 1 h, samples were weighed again. Next, thermocycling (100 h, 5000 cycles, 5–55 °C) was performed, and the water sorption and solubility were re-measured. IBM SPSS Statistics 0.26 was used for data analysis, revealing a direct correlation between water sorption and material type. Thermocycling at 55 °C increased water sorption for BMS and Vertex BasiQ 20. In conclusion, NextDent’s 3D-printed resin had higher water sorption values throughout the study. Water solubility averages decreased over time, reaching the lowest in the 30-day period for CAD/CAM milled dental resin Ivotion Base. The artificial aging had no effect on Ivotion Base and NextDent’s water sorption. Thermocycling did not affect the solubility of the materials tested. The conducted study acknowledges the great possibilities of dental resins for additive and subtractive manufacturing for the purposes of removable prosthetics in daily dental practice.

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Comparison of the Accuracy between Denture Bases Produced by Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing Methods: A Pilot Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Color Stability Determination of CAD/CAM Milled and 3D Printed Acrylic Resins for Denture Bases: A Narrative Review

Color Stability Determination of CAD/CAM Milled and 3D Printed Acrylic Resins for Denture Bases: A Narrative Review

Flexural Properties and Hardness of CAD‐CAM Denture Base Materials

Evaluation of Water Sorption and Solubility of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM Milled, and PMMA Denture Base Materials Subjected to Artificial Aging

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