Comparison of the anesthetic effects between 5 mg/kg of alfaxalone and 10 mg/kg of propofol administered intravenously in cats

Tamura, Jun; Oyama, Norihiko; Fukui, Sho; Yamashita, Kazuto

doi:10.1292/jvms.20-0407

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The rationale for using fixed dosages of alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine or midazolam has been outlined in earlier studies. 4,19,20 Figure 6-Mean ± SD plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration (µEq/L) immediately before premedication (baseline), during isoflurane anesthesia, and after discontinuation of isoflurane for the cats described in Figure 1 grouped by whether they underwent castration (A) or ovariohysterectomy (B). *Results differed significantly (P < .05) from those of baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized clinical trial on effects of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and midazolam in preventing stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses of isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery

Kamohara

Hikasa

2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of IM and IV administration of alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine, midazolam, or both on key stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic changes in isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration. ANIMALS 72 client-owned mixed-breed cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration between October 4, 2018, and January 10, 2020. PROCEDURES For each type of surgery, cats were assigned to 1 of 6 premedication protocols groups, with 6 cats/group: physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.5 mL, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IV); physiologic saline solution (0.5 mL, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IM); medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IV); medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM) and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IM); midazolam (0.5 mg/kg, IM), medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM), and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IV); or midazolam (0.5 mg/kg, IM), medetomidine (50 μg/kg, IM), and alfaxalone (5 mg/kg, IM). Venous blood was taken before pretreatment, pre- and postoperatively during anesthesia with isoflurane and oxygen, and during early and complete recovery. RESULTS Compared with baseline concentrations, plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations decreased during anesthesia in cats premedicated with alfaxalone alone and in combination with medetomidine. The combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and alfaxalone prevented an excessive increase in catecholamines during anesthesia and surgery in cats. Postoperative plasma cortisol concentration after ovariohysterectomy was lower for cats premedicated with the combination of medetomidine and alfaxalone or the combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and alfaxalone, compared with cats premedicated with alfaxalone alone. Cats treated with combinations that included medetomidine and midazolam had hyperglycemia during anesthesia. Cats treated with medetomidine or medetomidine and midazolam in combination with alfaxalone, compared with alfaxalone alone, had lower concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids during anesthesia. Behavioral recovery scores were lower (better) for cats that received medetomidine in addition to alfaxalone, compared with alfaxalone alone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that pretreatments with medetomidine and alfaxalone or with medetomidine, midazolam, and alfaxalone were useful for preventing stress-related hormonal and metabolic responses, other than hyperglycemia, during isoflurane anesthesia and surgery in cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized clinical trial on effects of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and midazolam in preventing stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses of isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery

Kamohara

Hikasa

2022

ajvr

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“…Intranasal tramadol administration in rodents has been found to produce a faster onset of action and better analgesia over time than oral treatment [12]. Alfaxalone is a synthetic neuroactive steroid that modulates the gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor causing depression in the nervous system [13]. Alfaxalone is considered a clinically effective anesthesia induction agent and is commonly used to induce general anesthesia in cats [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal dexmedetomidine with morphine or tramadol: A comparative study of effects on alfaxalone requirements for anesthesia in cats

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Intranasal (IN) sedatives provide a non-invasive route for premedication drug administration. This study compared the cardiorespiratory and sparing effects of IN dexmedetomidine combined with morphine (DM) or tramadol (DT) on alfaxalone requirements for anesthesia induction in cats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four cats were randomly assigned to three groups: Dexmedetomidine combined morphine (IN dexmedetomidine 20 µg/kg plus 0.2 mg/kg morphine), DT (IN dexmedetomidine 20 µg/kg plus 1 mg/kg tramadol), or control (no premedication). The intravenous dose of 1% alfaxalone for endotracheal intubation was recorded with sedation scores, cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate and respiration rate), and side effects. Results: Both DM and DT were associated with significantly higher sedation scores than baseline, and sedation scores were found to be highest 20 min after premedication. Sedation scores were comparable between DM and DT groups. Side effects, including hypersalivation, vomiting, and pupillary dilation, were observed in the DM and DT groups. The dosage of alfaxalone required in the DM group (1.5 ± 0.3 mg/kg) was comparable to that of the DT group (2.0 ± 0.6 mg/kg, p = 0.0861), and both groups required significantly less alfaxalone than the control group (3.0 ± 0.6 mg/kg; p < 0.01). Heart and respiratory rates were comparable between the DM and DT groups. Duration of anesthesia in the control group (11 ± 4 min) was significantly shorter than in the DM (29 ± 5 min, p = 0.0016) and DT (38 ± 14 min, p < 0.001) groups. Conclusion: Intranasal administration of DM or DT produces good sedation and offers an alternative, non-invasive route for cats undergoing general anesthesia. Keywords: alfaxalone, dexmedetomidine, intranasal, morphine, tramadol.

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“…Another anesthetic agent that is used for laryngeal function assessment is alfaxalone. Alfaxalone is a synthetic neuroactive steroid molecule which modulates the γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor causing neurodepression [ 14 ] and is similar to propofol [ 15 ]. While propofol and alfaxalone have similar mechanisms of action, there are differences in their pharmacodynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 19 ]. While the effects of alfaxalone on laryngeal motion in dogs has been investigated [ 13 , 14 ] these studies relied on subjective visual evaluation and the results are conflicting. In this study we compare the effects of propofol and alfaxalone on laryngeal motion in normal dogs through novel computational analyses with the aim of determining the agents’ relative suitability for the diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between propofol and alfaxalone anesthesia for the evaluation of laryngeal function in healthy dogs utilizing computerized software

et al. 2022

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Laryngeal paralysis is a well-documented cause of upper respiratory tract obstruction in canines. Diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis is usually made by visual evaluation of laryngeal motion whilst patients are under a light-plane of anesthesia. However, in human studies of laryngeal function evaluation, it has been shown that subjective scoring can lead to significant interobserver variance, which may cause false diagnosis. In this study, we propose to introduce a more objective method of assessing laryngeal function using GlotAnTools and Tracker software to directly measure laryngeal motion in anaesthetized patients. Additionally, two anesthetic agents, alfaxalone and propofol, were compared in this study to assess their relative effect on laryngeal motion and thus their suitability for use in this diagnostic process. This study was a two-stage, cross-over, 1:1 randomization, with two active treatment arms. Ten beagles (10–18 months, five males and five females) were exposed to both anesthetic agents and laryngeal motion was recorded using videoendoscopy. GlotAnTools and Tracker software were applied to the recorded images to measure glottal gap area (A) and length (L). A normalized measure of laryngeal function–computed as A/L–was created, representing the "elongatedness" of the rima glottidis. The glottal gap area was significantly reduced in dogs receiving alfaxalone. This study objectively establishes that alfaxalone impacted laryngeal motion significantly more than propofol and confirms the capability of these computational methods to detect differences in laryngeal motion.

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Comparison of the anesthetic effects between 5 mg/kg of alfaxalone and 10 mg/kg of propofol administered intravenously in cats

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

A randomized clinical trial on effects of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and midazolam in preventing stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses of isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery

A randomized clinical trial on effects of alfaxalone combined with medetomidine and midazolam in preventing stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses of isoflurane-anesthetized cats undergoing surgery

Intranasal dexmedetomidine with morphine or tramadol: A comparative study of effects on alfaxalone requirements for anesthesia in cats

Comparison between propofol and alfaxalone anesthesia for the evaluation of laryngeal function in healthy dogs utilizing computerized software

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