Ethnopharmacological relevance: Crotalaria species have been widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat several types of internal cancers. Crotalaria agatiflora is used as a medicinal plant in several African countries for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections as well as for cancer.
Materials and methods:Water and ethanol extracts of the leaves of C. agatiflora were evaluated for cytotoxcity on four cancerous and one noncancerous cell lines, using XTT (Sodium 3' -[1-(phenyl amino-carbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis-[4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate) colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl). Light microscopy (eosin and hematozylin staining) and flow cytometry (Annexin-V and propidium iodide) were used to evaluate the mechanism of action of the ethanol extract and one of the isolated compounds.
Results
Conclusions:The results indicated that C. agatiflora possesses potential chemopreventative and therapeutic properties. The exact mechanism of action should still be determined in future studies.It is hypothesised that the ethanolic extract as well as madurensine induces autophagy, which in prolonged circumstances may lead to autophagic cell death.