Comparison of the Biological Impact of UVA and UVB upon the Skin with Functional Proteomics and Immunohistochemistry

Abstract

The skin provides protection against external stimuli; however, solar radiation, including ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB), can result in profound influences on skin structure and function, which eventually impairs its molecular characteristics and normal physiology. In the current study, we performed proteome tools combined with an immunohistological approach on nude mouse skin to evaluate the adverse responses elicited by UVA and UVB irradiation, respectively. Our findings indicated that UVA significantly promotes oxidative damage in DNA, the breakdown of collagen fiber in the dermis, and the apoptosis of fibroblasts, which leads to inflammation. Meanwhile, UVB administration was found to enhance the carbonylation of various proteins and the proliferation of keratinocyte. Particularly, raspberry extract, which has been confirmed to have antioxidative efficacy, could effectively attenuate ultraviolet (UV) radiation-caused cell death. Network analysis also implied that UVA and UVB induce quite different responses, and that UVA results in cell death as well as inflammation mediated by caspase-3 and activator protein 1/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (AP-1/NF-κB), while UVB predominantly increases the risk of skin carcinogenesis involved with oncogenes such as p53 and c-Myc. Taken together, functional proteomics coordinated with histological experiments could allow for a high-throughput study to explore the alterations of crucial proteins and molecules linked to skin impacts subjected to UVA and UVB exposure.

Natural Exogenous Antioxidant Defense against Changes in Human Skin Fibroblast Proteome Disturbed by UVA Radiation

“…The results obtained in this study corroborate the previously published data, clearly showing that UVA radiation induces large changes in the proteome of skin fibroblasts [ 34 , 43 ]. The results also demonstrate that rutin and ascorbic acid exhibit cytoprotective effects, partially preventing UVA-induced changes in the proteome of different cell types [ 5 , 6 , 15 , 18 , 19 ].…”

“…These changes in expression lead to the formation of ribosomes, and it is well known that ascorbic acid promotes the increase of the hydroxylation of amino acids in the ribosome. Hydroxylation of amino acids is necessary for the formation of collagen chains, especially under stressful conditions, such as in the case of skin incision wounds [ 43 – 45 ]. Similar changes as those we have described have also been observed in the proteins responsible for the regulation of proteolysis.…”

Intense Pulsed Light Attenuates UV-Induced Hyperimmune Response and Pigmentation in Human Skin Cells

“…Under exposure to UVB irradiation in the epidermis, skin cells, especially keratinocytes, produce proinflammatory cytokines, which leads to skin inflammation [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. To evaluate the effect of UVB radiation on the immune response, the expression levels of cytokines were measured after 18 h of UVB irradiation (20 mJ/cm 2 ).…”

Functional Redox Proteomics Reveal That Salvia miltiorrhiza Aqueous Extract Alleviates Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting ROS-Dependent Apoptosis

“…The cells were observed and photographed using a fluorescent microscope (Olympus BX51) under the DP72 PhotoImage system. Image-Pro® plus 4.5 (Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD) image analysis software was used to quantify image signals [ 27 ].…”

“…Enhanced chemiluminescence (PerkinElmer, USA) was used for signal detection. The level of expression of β –actin was used as a gel loading control [ 27 ].…”