Comparison of the Bleaching Activity of Norflurazon and Oxyfluorfen

Sandmann, Gerhard; Boeger, Peter

doi:10.1017/s0043174500069125

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…O método de quantificação das clorofilas a, b e total foi realizado segundo Arnon (1949). Para a determinação dos carotenoides, empregou-se o método de Duke e Kenyon (1986), quantificando os teores do β-caroteno (SANDMANN;BÖRGER, 1983). Para a peroxidação de lipídeos das folhas e raízes, empregou-se o método de quantificação de malonildialdeído (MDA) através da produção de metabólitos reativos a ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBA), baseado nos trabalhos de Heath e Packer (1968) e Buege e Aust (1978).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Respostas fisiológicas e anatômicas de plantas jovens de eucalipto expostas ao cádmio

et al. 2011

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A poluição por metais pesados, particularmente pelo cádmio (Cd), é gerada principalmente pelas atividades de mineração e industrial, uso de adubos fosfatados e lodo de esgotos. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do Cd em características fisiológicas e anatômicas, mudas de eucalipto foram plantadas em concentrações crescentes de Cd em solução nutritiva. As mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis permaneceram durante 20 dias em vasos de 1 L contendo solução nutritiva de Clark, sendo os tratamentos de 0, 15, 25, 45 e 90 mmol Cd L-1 fornecido como CdSO4. Durante o período experimental, foram realizadas avaliações de estado hídrico e de teores de pigmentos nas datas 1, 3, 6, 12 e 20 dias após indução dos tratamentos (DAT). As avaliações de produção de fitomassa, teores de Cd e características anatômicas foram feitas com material vegetal coletado no final do período experimental. Houve redução na produção de matéria seca, mesmo nas menores concentrações do elemento. Os teores de clorofila diminuíram com o aumento da concentração de Cd aos 20 DAT, enquanto os teores dos carotenoides foram maiores nas concentrações de 45 e 90 mmol Cd L-1. A peroxidação de lipídeos nas folhas foi crescente com o aumento da concentração do metal aos 20 DAT, enquanto nas raízes o efeito do Cd foi pouco acentuado. O potencial hídrico aumentou em todas as concentrações de Cd aos 12 e 20 DAT. As espessuras dos tecidos radiculares também aumentaram com o aumento das doses de Cd, porém as do mesofilo e do limbo foliar diminuíram. Portanto, os resultados obtidos evidenciam que o tempo de exposição e maiores doses de Cd acentuam os danos ocorridos em E. camaldulensis para a maioria das características avaliadas. Algumas alterações observadas revelam o potencial de tolerância de plantas de E. camaldulensis à exposição ao Cd.

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Section: Methodsunclassified

Respostas fisiológicas e anatômicas de plantas jovens de eucalipto expostas ao cádmio

et al. 2011

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“…The absorbance of the extracts was measured at 645 and 663 nm, and total chlorophyll concentrations were determined according to Arnon (1949). Carotenoids were extracted from 50 mg of tissue, and total carotenoid concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically according to Sandmann and Böger (1983) with an extinction coefficient of E 445 = 2500 (% w/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a higher plant herbicide‐resistant phytoene desaturase and its use as a selectable marker

Arias¹,

Dayan²,

Michel

et al. 2006

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryThree natural somatic mutations at codon 304 of the phytoene desaturase gene ( pds ) of Hydrilla verticillata ( L. f. Royle) have been reported to provide resistance to the herbicide fluridone. We substituted the arginine 304 present in the wild-type H. verticillata phytoene desaturase (PDS) with all 19 other natural amino acids and tested PDS against fluridone.In in vitro assays, the threonine ( Thr), cysteine (Cys), alanine (Ala) and glutamine (Gln) mutations imparted the highest resistance to fluridone. Thr, the three natural mutations [Cys, serine (Ser), histidine (His)] and the wild-type PDS protein were tested in vitro against seven inhibitors of PDS representing several classes of herbicides. These mutations conferred cross-resistance to norflurazon and overall negative cross-resistance to beflubutamid, picolinafen and diflufenican. The T3 generation of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants harbouring the four selected mutations and wild-type pds had similar patterns of crossresistance to the herbicides as observed in the in vitro assays. The Thr304 Hydrilla pds mutant proved to be an excellent marker for the selection of transgenic plants. Seedlings harbouring Thr304 pds had a maximum resistance to sensitivity (R / S) ratio of 57 and 14 times higher than that of the wild-type for treatments with norflurazon and fluridone, respectively. These plants exhibited normal growth and development, even after long-term exposure to herbicide. As Thr304 pds is of plant origin, it could become more acceptable than other selectable markers for use in genetically modified food.

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“…An increase in the above ground dry matter of winter wheat due to the good weed control from the sethoxydim application, was noted by Bidlack et al (2006) as compared with the untreated control. Qasem and Foy (2006) reported that application of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen increased shoot dry weight of Syrian marjoram L. Reduction in the chlorophyll content of sunflower, maize, and other plants by oxadiagryl application has been reported (Sandmann and Boger 1983;Nethra and Jagannath 2011).…”

Section: Chlorophyll Content and Morpho-physiological Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) tolerance to some post-emergence herbicides

Monjezi¹,

Razmjo²,

Karimmojeni³

2015

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a medicinal plant, but its cultivation is restricted by weed competition. Therefore, three rates (0.75X, 1X, and 1.25X, where X is equal to the recommended dose of haloxyfop-R (methyl ester), sethoxydim, oxadiargyl, bentazon, oxadiazon, and oxyfluorfen) were applied at the 3-4 leaf stages to valerian plants. This application was done to select the herbicide type and rate for post-controlling broadleaf and grasses weeds in this species. Herbicide injury, Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) reading, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, and fresh and dry weights were determined 10, 20, and 30 days after herbicide application. Oxyfluorfen application caused the most herbicide injury followed by bentazon. Injury increased as the rate and the days after application increased. Oxadiazon only caused significant damage 30 days after application under all three rates. Other treatments showed no marked injuries under any rate or date after application, as compared with the control. Effects on other measured traits depended on the trait, herbicide, and herbicide rate. The highest SPAD, leaf number, shoot diameter, fresh weight and dry weight, was recorded under application of 30 mg a.i. ∙ kg-1soil oxadiargyl and 90 mg a.i. ∙ kg-1soil oxadiazon, 81 mg a.i. ∙ kg-1soil haloxyfop-R, 37.5 mg a.i. ∙ kg-1soil oxadiargyl, 22.5 mg a.i. ∙ kg-1soil oxadiargyl, 81 mg a.i. ∙ kg-1soil haloxyfop-R, and 81 mg a.i. ∙ kg-1soil haloxyfop-R, respectively. To sum up, the results showed that sethoxydim, oxadiargyl, and haloxyfop-R produced no significant symptoms of phytotoxicity or reduction of measured traits. This means that oxadiargyl, haloxyfop-R, and sethoxydim may be used safely for weed control of valerian at the rates used in this experiment under similar conditions.

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Comparison of the Bleaching Activity of Norflurazon and Oxyfluorfen

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Respostas fisiológicas e anatômicas de plantas jovens de eucalipto expostas ao cádmio

Respostas fisiológicas e anatômicas de plantas jovens de eucalipto expostas ao cádmio

Characterization of a higher plant herbicide‐resistant phytoene desaturase and its use as a selectable marker

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) tolerance to some post-emergence herbicides

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