Comparison of the coagulation profile of Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome-susceptible laying hens and normal laying hens

Thomson, A E; Gentry, Patricia A.; Squires, E. J.

doi:10.1080/00071660310001616228

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…It was previously suggested that increased BW has a great impact on hen mortality and in most of cases is associated with fatty livers and FLHS (Harms et al, 1972;Pearson and Butler, 1978c;Schumann et al, 2003;Walzem et al, 1993). Moreover, one of the most obvious clinical signs of FLHS is overweight of hens (typically 25%) and, if associated with sudden death of hens, sudden drop in egg production and pale comb and wattles (Couch, 1956;Crespo and Shivaprasad, 2003;Ivy and Nesheim, 1973;Julian, 2005;Lumeij, 1994;Thomson et al, 2003), could be warning signs of the presence of FLHS in a flock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been shown that hens with normal comb colour still had liver haemorrhage, indicating that comb appearance alone is not completely indicative of FLHS. No definitive diagnostic criterion has been determined for FLHS in live birds, so the diagnosis is usually made at necropsy (Couch, 1956;Grimes et al, 1991;Meijering, 1979;Squires and Leeson, 1988;Thomson et al, 2003).…”

Section: Monitoring and Control Of Flhs In Laying Flocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Shini¹

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Field and experimental investigations were conducted to study the fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in caged laying hens. The main goal of the research was to gain a greater understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of this non-infectious disease. The disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver and abdominal cavity, subsequent liver rupture, haemorrhage and sudden death of hens. It has been shown that the balance between hepatic synthesis and secretion of lipids is the key point that regulates hepatic and extrahepatic fat deposition in hens. Liver fat accumulation can be increased by many factors, especially nutrition, housing conditions, and inflammatory challenges. A description of normal and abnormal lipid metabolism in the hen, and consequences for hen health and disease (including FLHS) is given in the literature review (Chapter 2).The initial study examined mortality of layer flocks kept in three different housing systems (cage, barn and free range) on the Gatton Campus, University of Queensland (Chapter 4). It was shown that there were no significant differences in mortality rates of hens (6.1%, 6.4% and 5.8%, for cages, barns and free range, respectively) between the housing systems but the causes of death were different. The most common cause of death in hens kept in cages was FLHS with 74% of dead hens dying from the condition. In contrast, FLHS only accounted for 0 to 5% of hen mortality in the other systems. Post-mortem of dead hens and body weight monitoring of flocks throughout the laying cycle were recommended as tools to predict FLHS.An epidemiological survey (Chapter 5) of caged flocks in South-Eastern Queensland was undertaken to explore the prevalence of FLHS in commercial layer flocks. From necropsies of dead birds from 7 flocks of different ages, it was found that approximately 40% of hens died due to FLHS. This result indicated that FLHS continues to be the major cause of mortality in commercial caged laying hens kept in either controlled environment sheds or naturally ventilated sheds. As part of the epidemiological study, a questionnaire was circulated among farms and the responses revealed that there is a general lack of knowledge of FLHS in the industry.The study of the pathogenesis of FLHS is very difficult as it occurs sporadically and over an extended period of time in the field. In the studies in Chapter 6, an oestradiol (E 2 ) hen model was used to study the condition. The administration of exogenous E 2 reproduced the disease in 30 wk old laying hens, and was associated with significant changes in E 2 plasma levels and metabolic iv profiles, increased liver weights, and macroscopic (fat depositions, haemorrhages and haematomas) and microscopic alterations. Hens exposed to E 2 and fed ad libitum diet experienced severe FLHS and had a higher incidence of FLHS than hens that had their feed intake restricted by 10%. One interesting observation from this study (not reported from other investigators) was the alteration of total leukocyte n...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring and Control Of Flhs In Laying Flocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Shini¹

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“…Furthermore, with the excessive amount of fat present in the liver of laying hens affected with FLHS, an understanding of how lipids influence avian haemostasis is important. Thomson et al (2003) were the first authors to investigate blood coagulation abnormalities as a potential cause for FLHS. They demonstrated that an inbred strain of laying hens (UCD-003) that is FLHS-susceptible have different haemostatic parameters compared to normal laying hens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They provided evidence that activities of FV, FVII and FX were reduced when lipids were depleted from plasma. Thomson et al (2003) also determined the phospholipid and fatty acid composition in thrombocyte-poor plasma for normal and FLHS-susceptible birds to investigate whether the plasma phospholipid composition was correlated with haemostatic activity. They found that normal laying hens contained linolenic acid (C18:3n3) in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), while FLHS-susceptible laying hens contained eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Plasma Lipid Composition on Activity of Factors V, VII and X in Single Comb White Leghorn and Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome-Susceptible Laying Hens

Yeh

Wood

Squires

2008

British Poultry Science

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1. Plasma lipids were investigated to determine whether they influence the biological activities of specific coagulation proteins Factors V, VII and X. 2. Factor activities decreased when lipids were depleted from the plasma of Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) and Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome-susceptible (FLHS) laying hens. 3. Addition of lipids removed from SCWL laying hens and FLHS-susceptible laying hens into lipid-depleted plasma of both bird strains caused an increase and decrease, respectively, in Factors V and X activities. 4. Omega-3 fatty acids were negatively correlated to Factors V, VII and X activities. When bird strain was considered, it was significant for Factor X in SCWL laying hens. Omega-6 fatty acids were positively correlated with Factors VII and X for FLHS-susceptible laying hens. 5. The results suggest that the type of fatty acid in plasma phospholipids influences the activities of Factors V, VII and X and by altering lipid composition in the plasma, activities of coagulation factors may be affected.

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“…Excessive hepatic lipid deposition in chicken can cause steatosis and fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), which is characterized by obesity, an acute drop in egg production, and sudden death from hepatic rupture and hemorrhage (Wolford and Polin, 1972;Thomson et al, 2003;Yeh et al, 2009). Certain traits have been associated with FLHS; a greater prevalence of FLHS was observed in heavier birds, taking the age and phase of production into consideration (Meijering, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the genetic parameters for liver fat traits in broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat

Liang¹,

Wang²,

Xu³

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Intensive selection of broilers for improved growth rate is known to exert a negative effect on broiler health, such as an increase in body fat (and its related diseases). Excessive fat deposition in the liver can cause fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS); in addition, traits associated with liver fat have also been associated with FLHS. This study explored the genetic relationships among liver fat-related traits. Data was collected from 462 birds derived from 16th generation Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content. The body weight at 7 weeks of age (BW7), abdominal fat weight (AFW), abdominal fat percentage, liver fat percentage (LFP), liver weight, and liver percentage were measured. The heritability of these traits and the phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated, using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and Gibbs sampling 9647 Genetic parameters for liver fat traits in broilers ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (3): 9646-9654 (2015) (GS) methods. The REML and GS methods yielded similar heritability estimates for LFP (0.36 and 0.37, respectively). BW7 showed a high positive genetic correlation with AFW (r A(REML) = 0.74 and r A(GS) = 0.80), and a moderate positive genetic correlation with LFP (r A(REML) = 0.27 and r A(GS) = 0.39). Positive genetic correlations were also observed between AFW and LFP (r A(REML) = 0.35 and r A(GS) = 0.36). These results suggested that selection for growth may increase the AFW and LFP in broilers. LFP is directly related to FLHS; therefore, selection for broiler growth rate may increase the incidence of FLHS.

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Comparison of the coagulation profile of Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome-susceptible laying hens and normal laying hens

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens: Field and Experimental Investigations

Influence of Plasma Lipid Composition on Activity of Factors V, VII and X in Single Comb White Leghorn and Fatty Liver Haemorrhagic Syndrome-Susceptible Laying Hens

Estimating the genetic parameters for liver fat traits in broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat

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