Comparison of the contents of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and flavonoid derivatives in unfermented and fermented barley sprouts

Abstract

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) belongs to the Poaceae family. This study compared the polyphenol and flavonoid levels of unfermented and fermented barley sprouts using spectrophotometric assays. The findings indicated that fermentation greatly boosted the flavonoid content but caused only a slight increase in the polyphenol content. However, this does not imply that fermentation has no effects whatsoever on the polyphenol content of barley sprouts. This was due to the fact that some flavonoids cannot be detected by the wavelength used to calculate the overall polyphenol concentration. Both samples were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and detected the flavonoids lutonarin, saponarin, isoorientin, isovitexin, and tricin-all of which have bioactive properties-most notably known for their antioxidant activity. These results augment the ongoing phytochemical profiling research and can possibly valorize the already thriving barley industry.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Barley Sprout Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria in RAW264.7 Macrophages and Caco-2 Cells

“…The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the supernatant of Lp and Lc fermented barley sprouts was lower than the ethanol extracts of non-fermented barley sprouts, but their anti-inflammatory activity was similar ( Figure 1 A). Fermented barley sprouts contained various bioactivity compounds [ 28 ]. During fermentation, LAB produce a range of secondary metabolites, some of which have been associated with health-promoting properties [ 31 ].…”

“…These extracts also have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities [ 29 , 30 ]. Uy et al (2023) [ 28 ] reported that lutonarin, saponarin, isoorientin, isovitexin, and tricin were detected in fermented barley sprouts.…”

“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed on a Perkin Elmer Flexar, Quat™ system with a pump, autosampler, and photodiode array detector (Perkin Elmer, Shelton, CT, USA) according to the method of Uy et al (2023) [ 28 ]. Samples were quantitatively analyzed on a reversed-phase HPLC system using a YMC Pack-pro™ C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm).…”