Comparison of the conversion rates of α-linolenic acid (18:3(n − 3)) and stearidonic acid (18:4(n − 3)) to longer polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats

Yamazaki, K.; Fujikawa, Mariko; Hamazaki, Tomohito; Yano, Saburo; Shono, Toshihiko

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(92)90166-s

Cited by 104 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In another study, the EPA contents of triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester, and phospholipids of guinea pig liver were signi- ficantly higher after guinea pigs were fed a diet containing 10% blackcurrant seed oil for 40 d compared with 10% walnut oil (which contains ALA) (25). A similar result was also found in rats (26 In a previous study of vegetarian males (3), 22:6nϪ3 was found in both platelet and plasma phospholipid fractions (0.9% and 2% of total fatty acids, respectively) of vegans despite the lack of 22:6nϪ3 in their diet; a similar result was found by Phinney et al…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men

Sinclair

Wilson

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

178

111

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Background: Vegetarians have lower platelet and plasma concentrations of nϪ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than do omnivores. We recently showed that male vegetarians have higher platelet aggregability than do omnivores. Objective: We investigated whether male vegetarians (n = 17) who consumed an increased amount of dietary ␣-linolenic acid (ALA) showed any changes in their tissue profile of PUFAs, plasma thromboxane concentrations, platelet aggregability, or hemostatic factors. Design: During the study, all subjects maintained their habitual vegetarian diets except that a proportion of dietary fat was replaced with vegetable oils and margarines that were provided. Initially, all subjects consumed a low-ALA diet (containing safflower oil and safflower oil-based margarine) for 14 d; they then consumed either a moderate-ALA diet (containing canola oil and canola oil-based margarine) or a high-ALA diet (containing linseed oil and linseed oil-based margarine) for 28 d. Blood samples were collected at day 0 (baseline), day 14, and day 42. Results: Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, total nϪ3 PUFAs, and the ratio of nϪ3 to nϪ6 PUFAs were significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the ratio of arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid was decreased (P < 0.05), in platelet phospholipids, plasma phospholipids, and triacylglycerols after either the moderate-ALA or high-ALA diet compared with the low-ALA diet. No significant differences were observed in thrombotic risk factors. Conclusion: ALA from vegetable oils (canola and linseed) has a beneficial effect on nϪ3 PUFA concentrations of platelet phospholipids and plasma lipids in vegetarian males.Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:872-82. KEY WORDSVegetarian diet, ␣-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, platelet fatty acid, plasma fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, hemostatic factors, thrombosis, lipoprotein lipids, men INTRODUCTIONThe predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the Western diet is linoleic acid (LA; 18:2nϪ6), which is commonly found in vegetable seed oils. LA is the parent fatty acid of the nϪ6 series PUFAs, which can be converted in vivo to 20-and 22-carbon nϪ6 long-chain PUFAs. ␣-Linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3nϪ3) is less abundant than LA; however, it is also present in vegetable oils and is the precursor of 20-and 22-carbon nϪ3 long-chain PUFAs. Omnivores can obtain their 20-and 22-carbon nϪ3 long-chain PUFAs either from dietary ALA or directly by consumption of fish, eggs, or animal products (1). Lactoovovegetarians can gain a limited amount of 20-and 22-carbon nϪ3 long-chain PUFAs from milk, dairy products, and eggs. Because animals can convert ALA to 20-and 22-carbon nϪ3 long-chain PUFAs and plants cannot, there are no 20-or 22-carbon nϪ3 long-chain PUFAs in plant-based vegan diets. Thus, vegans must rely totally on endogenous synthesis from ALA by desaturation and elongation. A diet with a low ratio of nϪ3 to nϪ6 PUFAs (nϪ3:nϪ6) can cause a reduced tissue nϪ3:nϪ6 [ie, increased ratio of arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4nϪ6) to eicosapentaeno...

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 67%

Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men

Sinclair

Wilson

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

178

111

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“…The rate-limiting step in the enzymatic pathways of LCP biosynthesis is thought to be Δ 6 -desaturase (Yamazaki et al, 1992). The commonly accepted pathway for the synthesis of DHA requires that the C22:5n-3 precursors be elongated to C24:5n-3, followed by Δ 6 -desaturation and then β-oxidation to obtain the final products.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of genotype on estimated indexes of fatty acid metabolism in rabbits

et al. 2014

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To analyse the effect of rabbit genotype on fatty acid metabolism, 60 weaned rabbits (30 d old, sex ratio 1:1; 20 New Zealand White, 20 Leprino of Viterbo and 20 rabbits of a Local grey population) were reared in bicellular standard cages. At 80 d, 10 rabbits per group were selected and slaughtered. The muscle fatty acid composition and relative indexes of metabolism of the longissmus lumborum of these rabbits were determined. The New Zealand White and Leprino rabbits exhibited lower percentages of myristic acid and higher percentages of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid, and the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher in these rabbits. The grey-coloured rabbits exhibited the highest values of total n-3 fatty acids. With respect to fatty acid metabolism, the New Zealand White and Leprino rabbits exhibited higher thioesterase and Δ 9 -desaturase indexes and lower elongase and Δ 5 -Δ 6 -desaturase indexes. The estimated Δ 5 -Δ 6 -desaturase activity was significantly higher in the Local grey rabbits, suggesting a genetic effect on the desaturase and elongase mechanisms responsible for the synthesis of long-chain n-3 fatty acids.

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“…N-3 PUFAs is also directly connected to preventing of immunologic diseases [87] as well as decreasing chronically neurodegenerative diseases [88], rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis [89]. Stearidonic acid (18:4n-3, SA) that constitutes the first metabolite of ALA in the metabolic pathway leading to the endogenous production of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) [90]. Recently it was suggested that 18:4n-3 itself may be a surrogate for 20:5n-3 for health promotion and disease prevention [91].…”

Section: S Pallidum As Source Of Important Fatty Acids and His Nutrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Composition of Lipids, Fatty Acids Pigments in the Brown Alga <i>Sargassum pallidum</i>: The Potential for Health

Gerasimenko¹,

Logvinov²

2016

OJMS

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The present study describes the content of total lipids (TL), the main components of polar and neutral lipids (NL) and photosynthetic pigments (PSP) in edible seaweed Sargassum pallidum (Ochrophyta) from the Sea of Japan, Russia, in different months of the year, taking into account life cycle. Special attention was paid to the fatty acids (FAs) of total lipids as well as the accumulation of important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in glyceroglycolipids (GL) and reserve lipids in the seasonal cycles of growth. The content of TL strongly varied in the course of a year. The major lipid components were GL (20.3% -36.4%) and NL (19.8% -30.6%), while phospholipids (PL) were present in negligible amounts (3.2% -6.9%). Significant seasonal variations were observed in content all classes of lipids. The PUFAs prevailed in total lipids and the content of n-6 PUFAs was higher than n-3 PUFAs on all stages of life with the exception of vegetation period. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglecerols (DGDG) were rich in PUFAs and n-3 PUFAs were dominated among them independently of stages of growth. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were dominated in sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG). Triacylglycerols (TAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) contained many PUFAs, especially n-6 PUFAs. Significant concentration 20:3 n-6 was in the triacylglycerols. The concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids was increased with the growth and maturation of S. pallidum and reached maximum in period of highest day length and water temperature. The content of pigments decreased with the onset of short days and decreasing water temperatures. Nutritional value and benefit for health of human this alga were evaluated. The n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio, nutritional quality index (atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, and ratio between hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids) were low, suggesting a high nutritional value of S. pallidum throughout the year.

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Comparison of the conversion rates of α-linolenic acid (18:3(n − 3)) and stearidonic acid (18:4(n − 3)) to longer polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats

Cited by 104 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men

Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men

Effect of genotype on estimated indexes of fatty acid metabolism in rabbits

Seasonal Composition of Lipids, Fatty Acids Pigments in the Brown Alga <i>Sargassum pallidum</i>: The Potential for Health

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Comparison of the conversion rates of α-linolenic acid (18:3(n − 3)) and stearidonic acid (18:4(n − 3)) to longer polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats

Cited by 104 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men

Effect of dietary α-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men

Effect of genotype on estimated indexes of fatty acid metabolism in rabbits

Seasonal Composition of Lipids, Fatty Acids Pigments in the Brown Alga &lt;i&gt;Sargassum pallidum&lt;/i&gt;: The Potential for Health

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Seasonal Composition of Lipids, Fatty Acids Pigments in the Brown Alga <i>Sargassum pallidum</i>: The Potential for Health