Comparison of the Decay Behavior of Two White-Rot Fungi in Relation to Wood Type and Exposure Conditions

Bari, Ehsan; Daniel, Geoffrey; Yılgör, Nural; Kim, Jong Sik; Tajick-Ghanbary, Mohammad Ali; Singh, Adya P.; Ribera, Javier

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8121931

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…All three species caused white rot, which would be expected to utilize lignin. The lignocellulosic-degradative capacities for Pleurotus species have been explored on oak [ 42 , 43 , 44 ] and beech wood [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], and it has been suggested that these fungi modify their decay modes (i.e., simultaneous to selective rot), depending on the environmental conditions [ 45 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. The blocks exposed to T. versicolor , F. fomentarius , and P. chyrsosporium also contained lower amounts of lignin than the controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications

et al. 2021

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The biotechnological potential of nine decay fungi collected from stored beech logs at a pulp and paper factory yard in Northern Iran was investigated. Beech blocks exposed to the fungi in a laboratory decay test were used to study changes in cell wall chemistry using both wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju caused greater lignin breakdown compared to other white-rot fungi, which led to a 28% reduction in refining energy. Trametesversicolor caused the greatest glucan loss, while P. ostreatus and L. sajor-caju were associated with the lowest losses of this sugar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicated that white-rot fungi caused greater lignin degradation in the cell walls via the oxidation aromatic rings, confirming the chemical analysis. The rate of cellulose and lignin degradation by the T.versicolor and Pleurotus species was high compared to the other decay fungi analyzed in this study. Based on the above information, we propose that, among the fungi tested, P. ostreatus (27.42% lignin loss and 1.58% cellulose loss) and L. sajor-caju (29.92% lignin loss and 5.95% cellulose loss) have the greatest potential for biopulping.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications

et al. 2021

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“…Mucidula mucida (of the order Agaricales, as Oudemansiella mucida) and Meripilus giganteus (of the order Polyporales) caused either soft or white rot, depending on decay stage and substrate (host species, and type of wood and plant cell composition) [98,99]. Recently, Pleurotus ostreatus, a species typically reported to cause white rot, was reported to produce soft-rot like symptoms [100].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of Basidiomycete Soft- and White-Rot in Wood-Decay -Omics Data of Two Armillaria Species

et al. 2021

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Wood-decaying Basidiomycetes are among the most efficient degraders of plant cell walls, making them key players in forest ecosystems, global carbon cycle, and in bio-based industries. Recent insights from -omics data revealed a high functional diversity of wood-decay strategies, especially among the traditional white-rot and brown-rot dichotomy. We examined the mechanistic bases of wood-decay in the conifer-specialists Armillaria ostoyae and Armillaria cepistipes using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Armillaria spp. (Fungi, Basidiomycota) include devastating pathogens of temperate forests and saprotrophs that decay wood. They have been discussed as white-rot species, though their response to wood deviates from typical white-rotters. While we observed an upregulation of a diverse suite of plant cell wall degrading enzymes, unlike white-rotters, they possess and express an atypical wood-decay repertoire in which pectinases and expansins are enriched, whereas lignin-decaying enzymes (LDEs) are generally downregulated. This combination of wood decay genes resembles the soft-rot of Ascomycota and appears widespread among Basidiomycota that produce a superficial white rot-like decay. These observations are consistent with ancestral soft-rot decay machinery conserved across asco- and Basidiomycota, a gain of efficient lignin-degrading ability in white-rot fungi and repeated, complete, or partial losses of LDE encoding gene repertoires in brown- and secondarily soft-rot fungi.

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“…TV belongs to a group of simultaneous degraders, meaning that it degrades all cell-wall components simultaneously (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). Brown rot fungi rapidly and extensively depolymerise cellulose and hemicelluloses, leaving behind lignin, which is only partially modified and the cell wall is transformed into a porous structure [ 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Characteristics of One-Sided Charred Beech Wood

et al. 2021

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The aim of this paper was to analyze selected properties of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) treated by one-sided surface charring. Specimens were one-side charred with a hot plate using several time-temperature combinations (from 200 to 400 °C). Characteristics such as colour, discoloration, surface roughness, fire resistance, total carbohydrate content at several wood layers and decay resistance were evaluated. Surface charring was applied to the radial and tangential surfaces. Colour measurements showed that the surface of the wood turned grey due to charring. In addition to colour measurements, other experiments showed significant differences between radial and tangential specimens due to their different structures. The higher the temperature used in treating them, the lower the roughness values for radial specimens, while the trend for tangential specimens was the opposite. A smoother surface is more fire resistant, so radial specimens are generally better in this regard. Tangential specimens are more susceptible during preparation to forming cracks that impair flame resistance because a continuous protective densified layer is not formed. The determination of total carbohydrates revealed significant changes at various wood depths after surface charring. These changes were more predictable in radial specimens due to the annual ring orientation, because each layer consisted of a similar earlywood/latewood ratio. Finally, when decay resistance was assessed, weight loss was found to be lower in all specimens than in the references. The results suggest that charring at a particular combination of temperature and time improved the investigated properties of the surface-modified beech.

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Comparison of the Decay Behavior of Two White-Rot Fungi in Relation to Wood Type and Exposure Conditions

Cited by 50 publications

References 45 publications

Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications

Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications

Hallmarks of Basidiomycete Soft- and White-Rot in Wood-Decay -Omics Data of Two Armillaria Species

Surface Characteristics of One-Sided Charred Beech Wood

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