Comparison of the distribution of <i>Actinomyces</i> in dental plaque on inserted enamel and natural tooth surfaces in periodontal health and disease

Liljemark, W. F.; Bloomquist, C. G.; Bandt, Carl L.; Pihlstrom, Bruce Lee; Hinrichs, James E.; Wolff, Larry F.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-302x.1993.tb00536.x

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Subjects were instructed to maintain a normal diet and oral hygiene, excluding brushing the test materials or rinsing with any commercial mouth rinse. Enamel pieces were placed on six teeth per subject (tooth numbers 1⅐4 to 1⅐6 and 2⅐4 to 2⅐6) for periods of 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. The 6 to 10 mm 2 pieces of enamel were directly fixed to the six contralateral teeth, within custom enclosures, so that the enamel pieces could be easily inserted into and removed from the mouth (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the numbers of bacteria saturating either saliva-coated enamel or a continuous layer of bacteria were too low to explain the large, rapid increase in plaque biomass that occurs in vivo by adherence alone (33). Therefore, an original model system was used to quantitatively measure plaque accumulation in the mouth on a measured area of a tooth surface (24,25). Thus, this study was designed to enumerate the in situ adherence, accumulation, and cell division of plaque bacteria and to evaluate the contributions of these mechanisms to the large biomass increase observed during the first 24-h period of developing dental plaque.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adherence, accumulation, and cell division of a natural adherent bacterial population

1996

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Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 8:5-15, 1993). Radiolabeled nucleoside incorporation was used to measure DNA synthesis concurrent with the taking of standard viable cell counts of the plaque samples. Results showed that in vivo plaque formation began with the rapid adherence of bacteria until ca. 12 to 32% of the enamel's salivary pellicle was saturated (ca. 2.5 ؋ 10 5 to 6.3 ؋ 10 5 cells per mm 2 ). The pioneer adherent species were predominantly those of the ''sanguis streptococci.'' At the above-noted density, the bacteria present on the salivary pellicle incorporated low levels of radiolabeled nucleoside per viable cell. As bacterial numbers reached densities between 8.0 ؋ 10 5 and 2.0 ؋ 10 6 cells per mm 2 , there was a small increase in the incorporation of radiolabeled nucleosides per cell. At 2.5 ؋ 10 6 to 4.0 ؋ 10 6 cells per mm 2 of enamel surface, there was a marked increase in the incorporation of radiolabeled nucleosides per cell which appeared to be cell-density dependent. The predominant species group in developing dental plaque films during densitydependent growth was the sanguis streptococci; however, most other species present showed similar patterns of increased DNA synthesis as the density noted above approached 2.5 ؋ 10 6 to 4.0 ؋ 10 6 cells per mm .The accumulation of bacterial dental plaques on tooth surfaces in humans is a common but complex process. Bacterial plaque is positively associated with the formation of dental caries and periodontal disease. Large expenditures of time and money by the research community have been and are being made to study dental plaque formation in order to understand this complex biofilm. In vitro studies have found that the initial steps in plaque formation occur via specific adherence mechanisms. A myriad of bacterial adhesins and salivary pellicle receptors have been studied for potential relevant adherence mechanisms (recently reviewed by Kolenbrander and London [21]). In most of these systems, e.g., adherence assays, bacteria exhibit saturation kinetics until a 0.1 to 30% surface coverage of the experimental pellicle-coated hydroxyapatite surface occurs (2,8,14,15,27,28). Adherence among bacteria has also been studied by a number of various in vitro assays (7,16,36,38,39). Recently, a preformed plaque model consisting of a continuous layer of different bacterial species formed on enamel or plastic surfaces (with saliva coating) was used as the substratum. These in vitro studies of interbacterial adherence have also determined saturation kinetics using several different species of indigenous oral bacteria as the continuous layer (38). However, the numbers of bacteria saturating either saliva-coated enamel or a continuous layer of bacteria were too low to explain the large, rapid increase in plaque biomass that occurs in vivo by adherence alone (33). Therefore, an original model system was used to quantitatively measure plaque accumulation in the mouth on a measured area of a tooth surface (24, 25). Thus, this study was designed to enumerate the in situ adherenc...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence, accumulation, and cell division of a natural adherent bacterial population

1996

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“…Temporal changes in populations of bacteria on tooth surfaces after professional cleaning are ordered and sequential (92,114,115). Such sequential changes must occur through attachment and growth of different bacterial species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One model that has been employed to study oral bacterial colonization in vivo is a retrievable enamel chip worn by human volunteers (92,115,121). An in vitro model consisting of a flowcell with saliva-coated surfaces has offered an excellent platform for studying the adherence and growth of oral bacteria (75,76,119,120).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication among Oral Bacteria

Kolenbrander

Andersen

Blehert

et al. 2002

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

855

745

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Human oral bacteria interact with their environment by attaching to surfaces and establishing mixed-species communities. As each bacterial cell attaches, it forms a new surface to which other cells can adhere. Adherence and community development are spatiotemporal; such order requires communication. The discovery of soluble signals, such as autoinducer-2, that may be exchanged within multispecies communities to convey information between organisms has emerged as a new research direction. Direct-contact signals, such as adhesins and receptors, that elicit changes in gene expression after cell-cell contact and biofilm growth are also an active research area. Considering that the majority of oral bacteria are organized in dense three-dimensional biofilms on teeth, confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled probes provide valuable approaches for investigating the architecture of these organized communities in situ. Oral biofilms are readily accessible to microbiologists and are excellent model systems for studies of microbial communication. One attractive model system is a saliva-coated flowcell with oral bacterial biofilms growing on saliva as the sole nutrient source; an intergeneric mutualism is discussed. Several oral bacterial species are amenable to genetic manipulation for molecular characterization of communication both among bacteria and between bacteria and the host. A successful search for genes critical for mixed-species community organization will be accomplished only when it is conducted with mixed-species communities

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“…viscosus, A. gerencseriae, A. odontolyticus, Rothia dentocariosa, Propionibacterium, Prevotella , Veillonella, Bifidobacterium and Scardovia (Karpiński et al, 2009;Liljemark et al, 1993;Tahmourespour et al, 2013;Tang et al, 2003). In preschool children, A. odontolyticus, A. naeslundii and A. gerencseriae have been reported to play an important role in supragingival plaque formation with other bacteria (Tang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Enterococcusmentioning

confidence: 99%

SeNPs/PLGA Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Cultivable Oral Bacteria Isolated from Caries-Active Children

Thomali¹,

hariry²

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Comparison of the distribution of Actinomyces in dental plaque on inserted enamel and natural tooth surfaces in periodontal health and disease

Cited by 47 publications

References 51 publications

Adherence, accumulation, and cell division of a natural adherent bacterial population

Adherence, accumulation, and cell division of a natural adherent bacterial population

Communication among Oral Bacteria

SeNPs/PLGA Inhibits Biofilm Formation by Cultivable Oral Bacteria Isolated from Caries-Active Children

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