Comparison of the effect of open and closed suction methods on the incidence of hypoxia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in the patients admitted to the ICU-A clinical trial study

Abstract

Introduction: various strategies are offered to prevent VAP, which include a wide and significant range of measures. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of open and closed suction methods on the incidence of hypoxia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in the patients admitted to the ICU. Methods In this clinical trial study, among the patients admitted to the ICU of Golestan and Amir Al-Momenin hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran, 184 patients with inclusion criteria were selected non-randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire and medical checklist based on Modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (MCPIS) and pulse oximetry device. In the intervention group, suctioning was performed by closed method and in the control group, open suctioning was performed. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software. Results The mean age of participants was 50.07 ± 18 18.30. According to the findings, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of hypoxia changes (p < 0.001) so that the rate of hypoxia changes trend in the intervention group over time was more than the control group. The rate of fio2 changes during the first to fifth days in the intervention and control groups was statistically significant and the level of fio2 in the intervention group was higher than the control group. However, the results of GEE did not show a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of VAP (P = 0.167). Conclusions While using both suction methods and proposing to conduct more studies in this field, it is recommended to use closed suction, due to the improvement of the hypoxia situation, the reduction of the need for disposable materials (gloves, etc.) and less manpower, as a preferred method is to be used.