Comparison of the Effect of Four Types of Chemical Herbicides on the Growth Characteristics and Yield of Wheat and the Weeds That Grow with It

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out during the 2023-2024 agricultural season to study the effect of four different types of weeds herbicides, namely Prince Wheater, Axial, and Atlantes, on some growth traits and the yield of two varieties of wheat plants, namely the Wafiya variety and the Ozkan variety, as well as to study the effect of these herbicide s on the traits of weeds growing with wheat buds. In two different locations, the first in the Wana area and the second in Al-Abbasiya, an area on the outskirts of the city of Mosul. The field was prepared in both locations by carrying out the necessary agricultural operations, and the experiment was designed according to the RCBD design, where the field was divided into three sectors (each sector represents a replicate) and each sector was divided into 10 experimental units with an area of 6 cm2. The crop was planted on 11/30/2022 in lines. The distance between one line and another is 20 cm and between one sector and another 2 m. DAP fertilizer (N - P - K Diamonium Phosphate) recommended by the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture was added at the beginning of planting, and chemical herbicides were sprayed on 2/10/2023. The data were analyzed statistically using (Gen Stat) software and using Duncan’s multiple range test at the probability level (5%). The results showed the superiority of the wheater herbicide treatment with the Wafah variety in the second location in terms of bush density, which reached (1.66) plant.m-2. The treatment of the herbticide Prince with the Axial variety in the second location was superior by giving it the lowest dry mass of the weeds, amounting to (53.60) gm.m-2. As for the growth characteristics and yield of the wheat plant, treatment of herbicide Prince with the Wafaa variety was superior in the first location in the flag leaf area, which amounted to (35.34) cm2. The treatment of herbicide Axial with the Ozkan variety was superior in the second location in terms of chlorophyll content in the flag leaf, which reached (49.14) spad. While the treatment of the herbicide Prince with the Ozkan cultivar in the second location excelled in the values of the number of tillers and the number of ears, which amounted to (172.30)ear.m-2 and (154.70) ear.m-2, respectively. While the treatment with the herbicide axil excelled with the Wafiah variety in the first location and gave the lowest value for the grain yield, amounting to (384.60) gm.m-2.