Comparison of the Effect of Ketamine, Tramadol, 1.5% Saline and Normal Saline Gargle on Post-Operative Sore Throat after Endotracheal Intubation

Yadav, Monu; Gopinath, R.

doi:10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.5418.12

Cited by 2 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Two and 37 studies included patients with an ASA status of I‐III and I‐II, respectively, while the remaining two did not report ASA status . In all, 19 studies detailed the type of surgery, and 32 studies excluded patients who underwent surgeries on the neck or pharynx . The median sample size was 90 (range, 40‐200).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all, 30 including 2278 participants provided data on the incidence of sore throat at 24 hours after surgery/extubation . Topical application of ketamine was associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative sore throat compared to non‐analgesic methods (159/1161 vs 384/1117; RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.54; P < .001; I 2 = 23.0%; Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37,57 In all, 19 studies detailed the type of surgery, [36][37][38][39]41,43,46,47,50,51,54,55,59,60,65,69,71,74,76 and 32 studies excluded patients who underwent surgeries on the neck or pharynx. [36][37][38][39][41][42][43][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]54,55,57,59,60,62,[65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]76 The median sample size was 90 (ran...…”

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ketamine was topically administered as a single dose prior to surgery in all studies. Ketamine was administered as nebulization and gargle in 13 40,49,56,58,60,61,63,65,67,68,70,72,74 and 26 trials, [36][37][38][39][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][50][51][52][53]55,57,59,62,64,66,69,71,73,75,76 respectively, and in the other one, the endotracheal tube was lubricated with ketamine. 54 The dose of ketamine was fixed in 36 studies (50 mg, 23 studies 37,39,44,[48][49][50][51][52][53]…”

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 14 studies examined both non-analgesic and active comparators. [42][43][44]46,53,57,60,63,65,68,69,73,75,76 In all, 22 studies were reported from India, six from Iran, 43,46,[54][55][56]76 three each from China 40,44,71 and Egypt, 42,57,68 two each from Indonesia 47,59 and Nepal, 39,77 and one each from Malaysia, 38 South Korea, 51 and Turkey. 36 All but six studies were reported in English: three in Chinese, 40,44,71 two in Indonesian, 47,59 and one in Persian.…”

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topical application of ketamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kuriyama

Nakanishi

Kamei

et al. 2020

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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Background Postoperative sore throat is a leading undesirable postoperative outcome. Ketamine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist and its topical application is used for chronic pain and oral/throat indications. We conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy of preoperative, topical ketamine application for preventing postoperative sore throat. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL through September 23, 2019 for randomized controlled trials in which at least one intervention was topical ketamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults undergoing endotracheal intubation. The primary outcome was the incidence of sore throat at 24 hours postoperatively. The comparators were non‐analgesic controls (placebo, no treatment, or usual care) or active agents. We pooled the data using a random‐effects model. Results We included 41 randomized controlled trials involving 3784 participants. Topical ketamine was associated with reduced incidence of sore throat at 24 hours postoperatively compared to non‐analgesic methods (risk ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.54; P < .001). We found significant publication bias, but the results remained unchanged with a trim‐and‐fill analysis. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) suggested that the efficacy of topical ketamine was adequate (TSA‐adjusted 95% CI, 0.33‐0.56). The GRADE quality for this evidence was moderate. Topical ketamine was inferior to a combination of nebulized ketamine and clonidine in preventing postoperative sore throat. Conclusions Preoperative, topical ketamine application may be more effective than non‐analgesic methods in preventing postoperative sore throat. The number of studies did not suffice to determine the place of topical ketamine among agents to prevent postoperative sore throat.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topical application of ketamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kuriyama

Nakanishi

Kamei

et al. 2020

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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A randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of amyl meta cresol-2, 4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges Vs warm saline gargles Vs control in the prevention and treatment of post-operative sore throat after endotracheal intubation

Phalgune¹,

Dilawer²,

Mutha³

et al. 2022

IJCA

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The incidence of a post-operative sore throat (POST) varied from 21%–100% in intubated patients. Numerous non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures have been used for attenuating POST with variable success. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of amyl meta cresol-2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (AMC-2,4-DCBA) lozenges against warm normal saline (0.9%) gargles versus control in preventing and treating POST after extubation of the patients who have undergone surgical procedures under general anaesthesia.This single-blind randomised controlled study was conducted in 120 patients. Group S patients received one honey and lemon-flavoured AMC-2,4-DCBA lozenge. Group G and Group C patients received warm normal saline and distilled water for gargling respectively. Assessment of POST was carried out at 1 h, 12 h and 24 h. The primary outcome measure was to compare the degree of sore throat whereas secondary outcome measure was to compare patient comfort in terms of relief of symptoms. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative variables was done using analysis of variance test and chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between Group S, Group G and Group C in relation to Ramsay sedation score, supplemental analgesics given, three-point assessment score at 1 h, 12 h, and 24 h. AMC-2,4-DCBA lozenges offered the maximum benefit in terms of patient comfort of POST symptoms at the end of 24 h post-surgically. Amyl meta cresol-2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges and warm normal saline gargles did not show a significant benefit in relieving post-operative sore throat in the post-surgical period as compared to the placebo.

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Comparison of the Effect of Ketamine, Tramadol, 1.5% Saline and Normal Saline Gargle on Post-Operative Sore Throat after Endotracheal Intubation

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Topical application of ketamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Topical application of ketamine to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

A randomized controlled study to compare the efficacy of amyl meta cresol-2, 4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol lozenges Vs warm saline gargles Vs control in the prevention and treatment of post-operative sore throat after endotracheal intubation

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