Comparison of the effect of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, pectin, and concentrated raisin juice on gluten‐free bread based on rice and foxtail millet flour

Abstract

The nutritional and technological challenges of gluten‐free (GF) bread have increased the need for its modification due to the growing demand for this product, especially from celiac patients. Therefore, the present study aims at evaluating the influence of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) at 1% and 2% levels, pectin at 1.5% and 2.5% levels, and concentrated raisin juice (CRJ) at 3% and 4% levels on the dough rheological properties and quality of GF bread based on rice and millet flour. The GF bread prepared with HPMC and incorporating CRJ had higher water absorption, dough development time, and dough stability. In addition, the firmness of GF bread during 24–72 h after baking in the presence of 1% HPMC with 3% and 4% CRJ followed by 2.5% pectin incorporating 3% and 4% CRJ showed a significant decrease compared to the control sample. Further, the color index of GF bread was improved with the addition of HPMC and pectin and the L* index decreased in all GF breads with CRJ. The highest volume was occupied by bread containing 1% HPMC. The results demonstrated that GF bread could be produced from a mixture of rice and millet flour and its technological quality was improved by using 1% HPMC and 3% CRJ. Therefore, it has the necessary potential for high‐scale production and consumption among members of the society.

Assessment of the changes in product characteristics, total ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of dried soursop fruit tea (Annona muricata L.) during product storage

“…Color (CIE Lab* color space) was measured using the Chromameter Konica Minolta CR‐400. The values of L *, a *, and b * were taken randomly at three positions of the fruit, then were used to calculate the color difference (Δ E ) and browning index (BI) to determine the sample's divergence from the original sample's color, using the Equations ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) below (Abdollahzadeh et al., 2023 ; Ding & Ling, 2014 ): …”