Comparison of the effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved live soil exposure on the mouse immune system

Kummola, Laura; González-Rodríguez, Martín I.; Marnila, Pertti; Nurminen, Noora; Salomaa, Tanja; Hiihtola, Lotta; Mäkelä, Iida; Laitinen, Olli H.; Hyöty, Heikki; Sinkkonen, Aki; Junttila, Ilkka S.

doi:10.1186/s12865-023-00565-0

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…(2022) and Kummola et al. (2023) demonstrated the beneficial properties of inactivated soil material in in vivo settings, future attempts could substitute live soil consumption with inactivated material in oral studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Scoping review on soil microbiome and gut health—Are soil microorganisms missing from the planetary health plate?

Roslund,

Laitinen,

Sinkkonen

2024

People and Nature

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Evidence suggests that soil microorganisms, to which humans have been exposed throughout our evolutionary history, were essential for the evolution of the human gut microbiome and immunological resilience. In recent decades, gut microbial diversity has decreased along with urbanization and global loss of biodiversity. At the same time, the prevalence of chronic, non‐communicable inflammatory diseases has been increasing in urbanized societies. Here, we investigate whether the existing literature supports the hypothesis that ingesting soil microbiota provides immunological resilience. We focus on identifying research gaps and challenges that must be overcome to understand the effects of eating soil on immunological resilience. A scoping review of the peer‐reviewed empirical literature was carried out. The search focused on studies that exposed mammals to direct soil contact and measured the gut microbiota and host response; 12 articles, including four human, six mouse and two other mammal studies, were identified for inclusion in the review. In addition, seven articles related to human health risks associated with soil consumption were included in the review. Studies indicate that ingesting soil‐bound microorganisms supports immunological resilience. There is a lack of intervention studies that include human study subjects that test orally the effect of soil microorganisms on the gut microbiota and immunological resilience. Challenges, particularly soil heterogeneity and risks related to soil biological and chemical properties, have prevented progress to fully understand the effect of oral intake of soil‐bound microorganisms on human gut microbiota and health. The results encourage the development of technologies that allow daily exposure to soil microbiota. Future research should be aimed to precisely test the importance of oral intake of soil‐bound microorganisms in gut microbial homeostasis and immunological resilience. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Scoping review on soil microbiome and gut health—Are soil microorganisms missing from the planetary health plate?

Roslund,

Laitinen,

Sinkkonen

2024

People and Nature

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Production, analysis, and safety assessment of a soil and plant-based natural material with microbiome- and immune-modulatory effects

Parajuli,

Mäkelä,

Roslund

et al. 2024

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Skin exposure to soil microbiota elicits changes in cell-mediated immunity to pneumococcal vaccine

Roslund,

Nurminen,

Oikarinen

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A resilient immune system is characterized by its capacity to respond appropriately to challenges, such as infections, and it is crucial in vaccine response. Here we report a paired randomized intervention-control trial in which we evaluated the effect of microbially rich soil on immune resilience and pneumococcal vaccine response. Twenty-five age and sex matched pairs of volunteers were randomized to intervention and control groups. The intervention group rubbed hands three times a day in microbially rich soil until participants received a pneumococcal vaccine on day 14. Vaccine response, skin and gut bacteriome and blood cytokine levels were analyzed on days 0, 14 and 35. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with vaccine components and autoclaved soil for cytokine production. Commensal bacterial community shifted only in the intervention group during the 14-day intervention period. When PBMCs collected on day 14 before the vaccination were stimulated with the vaccine components, IFN-y production increased in the intervention but not in the control group. On day 35, vaccination induced a robust antibody response in both groups. In parallel, gut bacterial community was associated with TGF-β plasma levels and TGF-β decrease in plasma was lower in the intervention group. The results indicate that exposure to microbially rich soil can modulate the cell-mediated immunity to components in pneumococcal vaccine.

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Comparison of the effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved live soil exposure on the mouse immune system

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Scoping review on soil microbiome and gut health—Are soil microorganisms missing from the planetary health plate?

Scoping review on soil microbiome and gut health—Are soil microorganisms missing from the planetary health plate?

Production, analysis, and safety assessment of a soil and plant-based natural material with microbiome- and immune-modulatory effects

Skin exposure to soil microbiota elicits changes in cell-mediated immunity to pneumococcal vaccine

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