Comparison of the Effect of Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) and Fat Graft on Autologous Bone Grafting in a Randomized-controlled Experimental Skull Model

Abstract

Gold standard method for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects is the autogenous bone grafting procedure. A number of new and potentially useful adjuncts currently are being investigated to enhance the success of bone grafting. We propose to evaluate the effect of the most known and easily obtained 2 biological materials, fat graft and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), on bone graft healing. Twenty-seven New Zealand male rabbits were included in this randomized, controlled study. Two-sided 15-mm diameter bone defects were created in the parietal bones and the bones taken were replaced right-to-left and vice versa with 1 control group, 1 fat graft applied group, and the last one PRP applied group. Histologic evaluation and 3-dimensional maxillofacial computerized tomography were performed and bone density was calculated. In radiologic analysis, bone density was significantly different in the PRP group compared with the control and fat graft group in the 12th week (P<0.05). In histologic scoring analysis, the PRP group had a better score than the control and fat graft group, while the fat graft group was worse than the control group in the 6th week (P<0.05). The addition of PRP had a positive effect whereas fat graft had a negative effect on bone graft healing compared with the control group.