Comparison of the Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Healthy Male Volunteers: A Pilot Study

Żebrowska, Aleksandra; Jastrzębski, Dariusz; Sadowska-Krępa, Ewa; Sikora, Marcin; Giulio, Camillo Di

doi:10.1155/2019/7315714

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The organism's desire to adapt to high-altitude effort could be particularly evident in the behavior of TRP fluorescence at an altitude of 5000 m when the value of its emission after 24 hours has approached the value before the effort in normoxia. Recently, beneficent adaptation to exercise by high-intensity interval training in hypoxia because of a significant increase concentration of HIF-1 α and NO levels in the serum using biochemical methods was reported [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Autofluorescence and Biochemical Markers in Athlete’s Response to Strength Effort in Normobaric Hypoxia: A Preliminary Study

Drzazga

Schisler

Poprzęcki

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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The human organism has the ability to adapt to hypoxia conditions. Training in hypoxia is used in sport to improve the efficiency of athletes; however, type of training affects the direction and scope of this process. Therefore, in this study, the usefulness of serum fluorescence spectroscopy to study the assessment of athlete's response to strength effort in hypoxia is considered in comparison with biochemical assay. Six resistance-trained male subjects took part in a research experiment. They performed barbell squats in simulated normobaric hypoxic conditions with deficiency of oxygen 11.3%, 13% 14.3% compared to 21% in normoxic conditions. Fluorescence intensity of tyrosine revealed high sensitivity on strength effort whereas tryptophan was more dependent on high altitude. Changes in emission in the visible region are associated with altering cell metabolism dependent on high altitude as well as strength training and endurance training. Significant changes in serum fluorescence intensity with relatively weak modifications in biochemical assay at 3000 m above sea level (ASL) were observed. Training at 5000 m ASL caused changes in fluorescence parameters towards the normobaric specific values, and pronounced decreases of lactate level and kinase creatine activity were observed. Such modifications of fluorescence and biochemical assay indicate increased adaptation of the organism to effort in oxygen-deficient conditions at 5000 m ASL, unlike 3000 m ASL. Fluorescence spectroscopy study of serum accompanied by biochemical assay can contribute to the understanding of metabolic regulation and the physiological response to hypoxia. The results of serum autofluorescence during various concepts of altitude training may be a useful method to analyze individual response to acute and chronic hypoxia. An endogenous tryptophan could be exploited as intrinsic biomarker in autofluorescence studies. However, these issues require further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Autofluorescence and Biochemical Markers in Athlete’s Response to Strength Effort in Normobaric Hypoxia: A Preliminary Study

Drzazga

Schisler

Poprzęcki

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…In a human study, eight weeks of resistance training (twice per week, five sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of pretraining one-repetition maximum, separated by 90 s of rest between sets) was performed in normoxic and hypoxic conditions (F i O 2 of 14.4%, equivalent to 3000 m) [ 105 ], the plasma VEGF protein and capillary-to-fibre-ratio increased only after hypoxic resistance training [ 105 ]. A recent study investigated the effect of HIIT on the serum concentrations of pro-angiogenic factors in hypoxia, and found that HIIT alone resulted in a significant increase in exercise-induced elevations in serum VEGF, but exercise in hypoxia did not further influence the VEGF levels [ 106 ].…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Molecular Response To Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle to High-Intensity Exercise/Training and Hypoxia

Atakan

et al. 2020

Antioxidants

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High-intensity exercise/training, especially interval exercise/training, has gained popularity in recent years. Hypoxic training was introduced to elite athletes half a century ago and has recently been adopted by the general public. In the current review, we have summarised the molecular adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to high-intensity exercise/training, focusing on mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and muscle fibre composition. The literature suggests that (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) PGC-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α) might be the main mediators of skeletal muscle adaptations to high-intensity exercises in hypoxia. Exercise is known to be anti-inflammatory, while the effects of hypoxia on inflammatory signalling are more complex. The anti-inflammatory effects of a single session of exercise might result from the release of anti-inflammatory myokines and other cytokines, as well as the downregulation of Toll-like receptor signalling, while training-induced anti-inflammatory effects may be due to reductions in abdominal and visceral fat (which are main sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Hypoxia can lead to inflammation, and inflammation can result in tissue hypoxia. However, the hypoxic factor HIF1-α is essential for preventing excessive inflammation. Disease-induced hypoxia is related to an upregulation of inflammatory signalling, but the effects of exercise-induced hypoxia on inflammation are less conclusive. The effects of high-intensity exercise under hypoxia on skeletal muscle molecular adaptations and inflammatory signalling have not been fully explored and are worth investigating in future studies. Understanding these effects will lead to a more comprehensive scientific basis for maximising the benefits of high-intensity exercise.

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“…Exercise, particularly at higher intensities, is also known to promote angiogenesis and vasodilation, partly to regulate temperature. 96 Therefore, caution with exercise prescription is required to mitigate the increased risk of bleeding while using anticoagulation agents in patients with enhanced bleeding risk and to prevent injury and further complications. Antiviral agents previously used to treat influenza have been reported to be effective for treating COVID-19.…”

Section: Covid-19 Pharmaceutical Agents and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus (COVID-19), Coagulation, and Exercise: Interactions That May Influence Health Outcomes

Zadow

Wundersitz

Hughes

et al. 2020

Semin Thromb Hemost

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The proinflammatory cytokine storm associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) negatively affects the hematological system, leading to coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction and thereby increasing the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. Coagulopathy has been reported as associated with mortality in people with COVID-19 and is partially reflected by enhanced D-dimer levels. Poor vascular health, which is associated with the cardiometabolic health conditions frequently reported in people with severer forms of COVID-19, might exacerbate the risk of coagulopathy and mortality. Sedentary lifestyles might also contribute to the development of coagulopathy, and physical activity participation has been inherently lowered due to at-home regulations established to slow the spread of this highly infectious disease. It is possible that COVID-19, coagulation, and reduced physical activity may contribute to generate a “perfect storm,” where each fuels the other and potentially increases mortality risk. Several pharmaceutical agents are being explored to treat COVID-19, but potential negative consequences are associated with their use. Exercise is known to mitigate many of the identified side effects from the pharmaceutical agents being trialled but has not yet been considered as part of management for COVID-19. From the limited available evidence in people with cardiometabolic health conditions, low- to moderate-intensity exercise might have the potential to positively influence biochemical markers of coagulopathy, whereas high-intensity exercise is likely to increase thrombotic risk. Therefore, low- to moderate-intensity exercise could be an adjuvant therapy for people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms of illness that are associated with enhanced mortality.

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Comparison of the Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Healthy Male Volunteers: A Pilot Study

Cited by 31 publications

References 63 publications

Serum Autofluorescence and Biochemical Markers in Athlete’s Response to Strength Effort in Normobaric Hypoxia: A Preliminary Study

Serum Autofluorescence and Biochemical Markers in Athlete’s Response to Strength Effort in Normobaric Hypoxia: A Preliminary Study

The Molecular Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle to High-Intensity Exercise/Training and Hypoxia

Coronavirus (COVID-19), Coagulation, and Exercise: Interactions That May Influence Health Outcomes

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