Comparison of the effects of dexamphetamine and 1-benzylpiperazine in former addicts

Campbell, Heather E.; Cline, William H.; Evans, M.; Lloyd, John; Peck, A. W.

doi:10.1007/bf00558281

Cited by 95 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…TFMPP is a nonselective serotonergic agonist, thought when used in combination with BZP to provide a mood-elevating and hallucinogen-like effect, whereas the BZP provides a "stimulatory effect" [12][13][14]. Animal studies have shown that TFMPP given alone leads to increases in 5-HT concentrations only, whereas the 1:1 combination of BZP/TFMPP at a dose of 3 mg/kg results in increases in both 5-HT and dopamine, similar to that seen with MDMA [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative and sympathomimetic toxicity associated with recreational use of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) and 1-benzylpiperzine (BZP)

et al. 2008

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Introduction: There is emerging evidence of increasing use of legally available synthetic compounds as recreational drugs. While there are some changes to legislation relating to these synthetic compounds, often the emergence of the agents outpaces the effect of the legislation to curb their use, and the legal status of these agents may change as more information on their toxicity becomes known. TFMPP [1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine] was initially temporarily controlled under Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act in 2002 in the US, but following further review and lack of published information on toxicity, it was removed from this control in 2004. In addition, there are very few "user reports" of effects when TFMPP is taken alone or in combination with BZP [1-benzylpiperazine].Case reports: Three patients presented to our emergency department after ingesting 4 tablets thought to be 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA, street name "Ecstasy") over the course of an evening. They presented with dissociative-type symptoms, nausea, and signs consistent with sympathomimetic toxicity. All 3 improved with conservative management and observation, within 12 hours of presentation. Serum analysis demonstrated the presence of TFMPP and BZP at concentrations of 263 Ϯ 5.8 ng/mL (range 260-270 ng/mL) and 46.7 Ϯ15.3 ng/mL (range 30-60 ng/mL), respectively. No other recreational drugs were detected in an extended toxicological screen of blood and urine samples.Discussion: This is the first case series of confirmed toxicity associated with recreational use of TFMPP in combination with BZP, with clinical features not consistent with BZP toxicity. In our view, the current legal status of TFMPP should be reviewed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative and sympathomimetic toxicity associated with recreational use of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) and 1-benzylpiperzine (BZP)

et al. 2008

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“…In animals, BZP induced place preference in rats [46] and was self-administered in monkeys, and it substituted for amphetamine in discrimination studies [47]. In humans, 100 mg BZP produced subjective and cardiostimulant effects similar to 7.5-10 mg amphetamine [48,49], consistent with the five-to 10-fold lower potency of BZP at the NET and DAT compared with amphetamine [4]. In healthy women, a dose of 200 mg BZP produced cardiostimulant and subjective effects that were considered similar to those generally seen with stimulants [50], but a direct comparison with other compounds is lacking.…”

Section: Piperazinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives

Simmler

Rickli

Schramm

et al. 2014

Biochemical Pharmacology

108

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Aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives are novel psychoactive substances found in "Ecstasy" tablets as replacements for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or substances sold as "ivory wave." The pharmacology of these MDMA-and methylphenidate-like substances is poorly known. We characterized the pharmacology of the aminoindanes 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI), 5-iodoaminoindane (5-IAI), and 2-aminoindane (2-AI), the piperazines meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), and 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP), and the BZP, D2PM, and 2-DPMP lacked serotonergic activity and TAAR 1 binding, in contrast to the aminoindanes and phenylpiperazines. In summary, all of the substances were monoamine transporter inhibitors, but marked differences were found in their 3 DAT vs. SERT inhibition profiles, release properties, and receptor interactions. The pharmacological profiles of D2PM and 2-DPMP likely predict a high abuse liability.

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“…The last compound has been shown to possess amphetamine-like properties in healthy subjects (Bye et al, 1973) and also in former addicts (Campbell et al, 1973 (Soroko et al, 1977) which could complicate interpretation of self administration studies.…”

Section: Auditory Vigilancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bupropion, nomifensine and dexamphetamine on performance, subjective feelings, autonomic variables and electroencephalogram in healthy volunteers.

Hamilton¹,

Smith²,

Peck³

1983

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 Bupropion, a novel antidepressant, has been compared with nomifensine and dexamphetamine in a controlled double blind trial in 12 healthy volunteers. 2 Signals detected in an auditory vigilance test were increased by dexamphetamine 5 and 10 mg when compared with lactose dummy, but unaffected by bupropion 100 and 200 mg and nomifensine 100 mg. Auditory reaction time was decreased by dexamphetamine but unaffected by bupropion and nomifensine. 3 Heart rate was increased after all active treatments but the largest rise followed dexamphetamine 10 mg which differed from both lactose dummy and all other active treatments. Systolic blood pressure was higher after dexamphetamine 10 mg than all other treatments, none of which differed from lactose. No changes occurred in diastolic blood pressure. Pupil size increased after dexamphetamine 10 mg but no changes followed other treatments. 4 Visual analogue scales showed that subjects were more alert, attentive, proficient, excited, interested and elated after dexamphetamine but no changes followed bupropion or nomifensine. Subjects were able to recognise that they had received an active drug only after dexamphetamine 10 mg.5 Increased activity was seen in the 7.5-13.5 Hz and 13.5-26 Hz frequency bands of the electroencephalogram after dexamphetamine 10 mg but not after bupropion or nomifensine. 6 These findings in man suggest that neither of these two, non-sedative antidepressants possess amphetamine-like stimulant activity, and are discussed in relation to the animal pharmacology of the drugs.

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Comparison of the effects of dexamphetamine and 1-benzylpiperazine in former addicts

Cited by 95 publications

References 6 publications

Dissociative and sympathomimetic toxicity associated with recreational use of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) and 1-benzylpiperzine (BZP)

Dissociative and sympathomimetic toxicity associated with recreational use of 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) and 1-benzylpiperzine (BZP)

Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives

Effects of bupropion, nomifensine and dexamphetamine on performance, subjective feelings, autonomic variables and electroencephalogram in healthy volunteers.

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