Comparison of the effects of prostaglandin E2, prostacyclin and 1–24 adrenocorticotrophin on plasma cortisol levels of fetal sheep

Liggins, G. C.; Scroop, G. C.; Haughey, K. G.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0950153

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Similar changes were reported previously a few hours after the injection of PGF2,, or doprostenol (Silver et al, 1983;Widowski et al, 1990). These results suggest that PGF2,j and its analogs act directly on the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate prolactin release (Gautvik and Kriz, 1976) and probably also act on the adrenal cortex, because most PG increase adrenal steroidogenesis and steroid release (Liggins et al, 1982). The greater concentrations of lactose in colostrum of IF sows at the onset of farrowing could be attributed to this transient increase in prolactin and cortisol concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Farrowing induction induces transient alterations in prolactin concentrations and colostrum composition in primiparous sows1

Foisnet

Farmer

David

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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Hormonal changes involved in the farrowing process partly control the initiation of lactation. Inducing farrowing by injection of PG may alter the normal prepartum hormonal cascade. The aim of the study was to investigate the consequences of farrowing induction on colostrum yield and composition, as well as newborn piglet growth. Gilts were treated with 2 mg of alfaprostol on d 113 of gestation (induced farrowing, IF, n = 9) or were injected with 1 mL of a saline solution (natural farrowing, NF, n = 11). Colostrum production was estimated during 24 h, starting at the onset of parturition, based on piglet BW gains. Colostrum samples were collected during the 36 h after the onset of parturition. Blood samples were collected from sows as of d 112 of pregnancy until d 2 postpartum (d 0 being the day of parturition). Piglet blood samples were obtained at birth, on d 1, and on d 21. Litter size and litter weight at birth did not differ between groups (P > 0.10). Farrowing induction did not influence (P > 0.10) colostrum yield (3.96 ± 0.20 kg) or piglet BW gain during d 1 postpartum (116 ± 8 g). At the onset of farrowing (T0), lactose content in colostrum was greater in IF sows than in NF sows (P < 0.05), whereas colostrum ash and protein contents were less (P < 0.05) in IF sows. Concentrations of IgG in colostrum were similar in both groups of sows, whereas concentrations of IgA at T0 were less in IF than in NF sows (P < 0.01). Overall, endocrine changes in blood from d -2 until d 2 (cortisol, prolactin, progesterone, and estradiol-17β) were not altered by farrowing induction (P > 0.10), but 1 h after the injection of alfaprostol, IF sows had greater circulating concentrations of prolactin (P < 0.01) and cortisol (P < 0.10) than NF sows. The greater concentration of lactose in colostrum from IF sows could be attributed to this transient increase in prolactin and cortisol. At birth, concentrations of white blood cells were less in piglets born from IF sows (P < 0.01). On d 1 and 21, piglets from IF sows had similar IgG concentrations in plasma to piglets from NF sows (P > 0.1). In conclusion, farrowing induction at 113 d of pregnancy induced transient hormonal changes in sows and alterations in colostrum composition, without significantly affecting colostrum yield. It also modified some hematological variables of piglets at birth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Farrowing induction induces transient alterations in prolactin concentrations and colostrum composition in primiparous sows1

Foisnet

Farmer

David

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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“…However, by late gestation, fetal cortisol levels exceed those of the mother at the end of a 48 h fast, which shows that cortisol is secreted by the fetal adrenal cortex in these circumstances (Fowden et al 1998 b ). In part, this is due to direct activation of the fetal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis by hypoglycaemia but it may also reflect the rise in circulating levels of PGE 2 , an eicosanoid known to stimulate adrenal cortisol secretion in utero (Liggins et al 1982). There are also increases in the concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in fetal sheep when hypoglycaemia is severe (Fowden et al 1998 b ; Fowden & Forhead, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones as epigenetic signals in developmental programming

Fowden

Forhead

2009

Experimental Physiology

114

120

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In mammals, including man, epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that a range of environmental factors acting during critical periods of early development can alter adult phenotype. Hormones have an important role in these epigenetic modifications and can signal the type, severity and duration of the environmental cue to the developing feto-placental tissues. They affect development of these tissues both directly and indirectly by changes in placental phenotype. They act to alter gene expression, hence the protein abundance in a wide range of different tissues, which has functional consequences for many physiological systems both before and after birth. By producing an epigenome specific to the prevailing condition in utero, hormones act as epigenetic signals in developmental programming, with important implications for adult health and disease. This review examines the role of hormones as epigenetic signals by considering their responses to environmental cues, their effects on phenotypical development and the molecular mechanisms by which they programme feto-placental development, with particular emphasis on the glucocorticoids.

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“…It resulted in progressive hypoxemia with reduced fetal plasma ACTH but increased prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and maintained cortisol (61, 116). Infusions of PGE 2 have been shown to increase cortisol levels in fetal sheep (78,99,103,167,168,183,184), and PGE 2 -induced cortisol production was not affected by hypophysectomy (99). This suggests that PGE 2 may be involved in an adaptation to maintain basal fetal cortisol levels when ACTH is reduced and indicates that additional factors other than ACTH play a role in regulating cortisol production in the ovine fetus.…”

Section: Chronic Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 91%

Fetal endocrine and metabolic adaptations to hypoxia: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Newby

Myers

Ducsay

2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Comparison of the effects of prostaglandin E2, prostacyclin and 1–24 adrenocorticotrophin on plasma cortisol levels of fetal sheep

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Farrowing induction induces transient alterations in prolactin concentrations and colostrum composition in primiparous sows1

Farrowing induction induces transient alterations in prolactin concentrations and colostrum composition in primiparous sows1

Hormones as epigenetic signals in developmental programming

Fetal endocrine and metabolic adaptations to hypoxia: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

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