Comparison of the effects of exercise with chondroitin sulfate on knee osteoarthritis in rabbits

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of the study is to compare the effects of exercise therapy with chondroitin sulfate (CS) therapy in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsTwenty-one New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (N group, n = 3); OA control group (C group, n = 6); OA plus medication group (CS group, n = 6); and OA plus exercise group (E group, n = 6). Four weeks after modeling, the rabbits were subjected to exercise (artificial, 30 min/time, 4 times/week) or medicated with CS (2% CS, 0.3 ml/time, once/week) for 4 weeks. Histopathological changes in treated joints were examined after staining. X-ray and scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the different therapies by examining the surfaces and joint spaces of the articular cartilage. RT-qPCR was used to assess chondrogenic gene expression including Col2, Col10, mmp-13, il-1β, adamats-5, and acan in the experimental groups.ResultsHistology showed both treatment groups resulted in cartilage that was in good condition, with increased numbers of chondrocytes, and the results of X-ray and scanning electron microscopy showed the therapeutic effect of exercise therapy is equivalent to CS therapy, surface articular cartilage was flat, and the of cartilage layer was thinning. All treated groups induced the expression of Col10 and Col2 and decreased expression of mmp-13, il-1β, and adamats-5 compared with the control groups. The expression of acan was upregulated in the E group and downregulated in the CS group. Furthermore, expression of Col10 was higher and il-1β was lower in the exercise group compared to that of the CS group.ConclusionThese results indicate that exercise has a positive effect on OA compare with CS, and it also supplies reference for the movement mode to improve function.

Global burden and socioeconomic impact of knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive analysis

“…At the regional level, the Western Pacific Region had high endemicity, with 7,319.87 cases per 100,000 people (7.64%). This study updates the previous view that there are no regional differences in the occurrence of KOA ( 23 ). In the Western Pacific Region, from 1990 to 2019, the country with the highest prevalence, incidence and DALYs of KOA was Thailand.…”

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“…Tais elementos interagem intimamente direta e/ou indiretamente por meio do LS que ocupa o espaço articular (HUI et al, 2012;POURAN et al, 2017). O metabolismo tecidual articular é modulado por cargas mecânicas que ativam as vias de transdução de sinais, os quais traduzem o estimulo mecânico em sinais bioquímicos que orquestram as funções celulares e o remodelamento da matriz extracelular (MEC) (HITCHENS et al, 2017;KHAN;SCOTT, 2009;MA et al, 2018).…”

“…O uso do CS, muitas vezes em conjunto com a glucosamina (GlcN), no tratamento da osteoartrite (OA) é relatado (MORITA et al, 2017;STABLER et al, 2016), dada sua capacidade em minimizar os sintomas da doença e modificar a estrutura cartilagínea (BRUYERE et al, 2016;HENROTIN et al, 2010;HOCHBERG et al, 2013;MA et al, 2018;SANCHES et al, 2017). Estudos de meta-análise revelaram redução significativa do estreitamento do espaço articular pelo CS (HOCHBERG, 2010) e sua capacidade em minimizar a perda cartilagínea (MARTEL-PELLETIER et al, 2015;WILDI et al, 2011), sugerindo seu potencial como agente modificador de doença.…”

“…Existem evidencias convincentes de que o CS e a GlcN podem preservar ou até mesmo reparar as lesões cartilagíneas na OA (BACCARIN et al, 2012;HOCHBERG et al, 2013;MA et al, 2018) através da modulação de citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias (SANCHES et al, 2017). Pacientes humanos com OA tratados com CS apresentaram aumento da viscosidade e da concentração de AH do LS concomitante a menor atividade colagenolítica (HENROTIN;…”

“…Comumente, a aplicação súbita de força mecânica na superfície articular é apontada como fator predisponente, sendo a extensão do dano mecânico diretamente proporcional a intensidade do impacto(FRAZER et al, 2017;MCCARTY et al, 2015MCCARTY et al, , 2016PEAT;KAWCAK, 2015). Estudos recentes têm comprovado o papel benéfico do exercício controlado na manutenção da saúde articular, enquanto o treinamento prolongado de alto impacto se apresenta como importante fator de risco para lesão articular(BERTUGLIA et al, 2016a;LAMPRECHT;WILLIAMS, 2012;MA et al, 2018;REED et al, 2013;TURLEY et al, 2014). A predisposição de algumas articulações em desenvolver a enfermidade ocorre, principalmente, por características anatômicas intrínsecas relacionadas a absorção do impacto e dissipação da energia(NOVAKOFSKI et al, 2015).…”