Comparison of the Effects of Tai Chi and Resistance Training on Bone Metabolism in the Elderly: A Feasibility Study

Shen, Chwan‐Li; Williams, James S.; Chyu, Ming‐Chien; Paige, Robert L.; Stephens, Allen L.; Chauncey, Katherine; Prabhu, Fiona; Ferris, Lee T.; Yeh, James K.

doi:10.1142/s0192415x07004898

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The review included three studies which examined Tai Chi and its effect in older adults specifically [88][89][90], but all were found only to be of moderate methodological quality. Amongst healthy but sedentary older adults Tai Chi was found to stimulate bone metabolism significantly more than resistance training [90].…”

Section: Bone Density and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, in frail institutionalised older adults it was found to increase bone density and reduce fracture rate [88]. Nonetheless, the studies included in the Lee et al [87] review measured bone mineral density in different ways, such as BMD [88,89] or bone metabolism [90] and therefore it is difficult to make direct comparisons between studies, with no further studies identified.…”

Section: Bone Density and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health of Older People

Blake¹,

Hawley²

2012

CAS

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Tai Chi is a traditional Chinese form of conditioning exercise derived from martial arts and rooted in eastern philosophy and Chinese Medicine. Based on the inter-relatedness of mind, body and spirit this form of exercise focuses on producing an inner calmness which is thought to have both physical and psychological therapeutic value. This article provides a brief overview of selected current evidence examining the relationship between Tai Chi and physical, neurocognitive and psychosocial outcomes in older people. This is an emerging and growing area of research and improvements have often been reported in health functioning, physical and emotional health, reducing falls, fear of falling and risk of falls, and possibly enhancing cardiovascular functioning in older adults although the effects on bone density, cognitive and immunological functioning are less clear. Results overall are inconsistent and health improvements have not been evident in all studies. Tai Chi is becoming increasingly popular in practice, and more recent evidence is emerging which is based on experimental and longitudinal designs, although many of the proposed benefits of Tai Chi are yet to be validated in large, randomised controlled trials.

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Section: Bone Density and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bone Density and Osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health of Older People

Blake¹,

Hawley²

2012

CAS

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“…A substantial body of research suggests TC training may reduce falls and associated risk factors [5-8]. A handful of studies have evaluated the direct effects of TC on BMD [9-13]. However, few studies are randomized trials, most have significant methodological limitations, and we are not aware of any trials that have evaluated the impact of TC on both BMD and postural control in osteopenic women [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Tai Chi exercise on multiple fracture-related risk factors in post-menopausal osteopenic women: a pilot pragmatic, randomized trial

Wayne

Kiel

Buring

et al. 2012

BMC Complement Altern Med

107

105

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BackgroundTai Chi (TC) is a mind-body exercise that shows potential as an effective and safe intervention for preventing fall-related fractures in the elderly. Few randomized trials have simultaneously evaluated TC's potential to reduce bone loss and improve fall-predictive balance parameters in osteopenic women.MethodsIn a pragmatic randomized trial, 86 post-menopausal osteopenic women, aged 45-70, were recruited from community clinics. Women were assigned to either nine months of TC training plus usual care (UC) vs. UC alone. Primary outcomes were changes between baseline and nine months of bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur and lumbar spine (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and serum markers of bone resorption and formation. Secondary outcomes included quality of life. In a subsample (n = 16), quiet standing fall-predictive sway parameters and clinical balance tests were also assessed. Both intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were employed.ResultsFor BMD, no intent-to-treat analyses were statistically significant; however, per protocol analyses (i.e., only including TC participants who completed ≥ 75% training requirements) of femoral neck BMD changes were significantly different between TC and UC (+0.04 vs. -0.98%; P = 0.05). Changes in bone formation markers and physical domains of quality of life were also more favorable in per protocol TC vs. UC (P = 0.05). Changes in sway parameters were significantly improved by TC vs. UC (average sway velocity, P = 0.027; anterior-posterior sway range, P = 0.014). Clinical measures of balance and function showed non-significant trends in favor of TC.ConclusionsTC training offered through existing community-based programs is a safe, feasible, and promising intervention for reducing multiple fracture risks. Our results affirm the value of a more definitive, longer-term trial of TC for osteopenic women, adequately powered to detect clinically relevant effects of TC on attenuation of BMD loss and reduction of fall risk in this population.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01039012

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“…In another study, we found that 6 weeks of TC exercise induced an increase in serum bone formation biomarker (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP) in healthy elderly participants [27]. Further, postmenopausal women with lower lean muscle mass or strength are at a higher risk for osteoporosis [32–36], while GTP [37–41] and TC [42, 43] may improve muscle strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of green tea and Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2011

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Summary Postmenopausal women with osteopenia received green tea polyphenols (GTP) supplement and/or Tai Chi exercise for 6 months. Bone turnover biomarkers, calcium metabolism, and muscle strength were measured. This study showed that GTP supplementation and Tai Chi exercise increased bone formation biomarkers and improved bone turnover rate. Tai Chi exercise increased serum parathyroid hormone. GTP supplementation, Tai Chi exercise, and the combination of the two all improved muscle strength in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Introduction This study evaluated the effect of GTP supplementation and Tai Chi (TC) exercise on serum markers of bone turnover (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP), calcium metabolism, and muscle strength in postmenopausal osteopenic women. Methods One hundred and seventy-one postmenopausal osteopenic women were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) placebo (500 mg starch/day), (2) GTP (500 mg GTP/day), (3) placebo + TC (placebo plus TC training at 60 min/session, three sessions/week), and (4) GTP + TC (GTP plus TC training). Overnight fasting blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months for biomarker analyses. Muscle strength was evaluated at baseline, 3, and 6 months. One hundred and fifty subjects completed the 6-month study. Results Significant increases in BAP level due to GTP intake (at 1 month) and TC (at 3 months) were observed. Significant increases in the change of BAP/TRAP ratio due to GTP (at 3 months) and TC (at 6 months) were also observed. Significant main effect of TC on the elevation in serum parathyroid hormone level was observed at 1 and 3 months. At 6 months, muscle strength significantly improved due to GTP, TC, and GTP + TC interventions. Neither GTP nor TC affected serum TRAP, serum and urinary calcium, and inorganic phosphate. Conclusion In summary, GTP supplementation and TC exercise increased BAP and improved BAP/TRAP ratio. TC exercise increased serum parathyroid hormone. GTP supplementation, TC exercise, and the combination of the two all improved muscle strength in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.

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Comparison of the Effects of Tai Chi and Resistance Training on Bone Metabolism in the Elderly: A Feasibility Study

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health of Older People

Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health of Older People

Impact of Tai Chi exercise on multiple fracture-related risk factors in post-menopausal osteopenic women: a pilot pragmatic, randomized trial

Effect of green tea and Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled trial

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