Comparison of the effects of extreme temperatures on daily mortality in Madrid (Spain), by age group: The need for a cold wave prevention plan

Díaz, Julio; Carmona, Rocı́o; Mirón, I.J.; Ortíz, Cristina; Linares, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.018

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…With respect to the variable "temperature", the number of heat and cold waves which occurred in Madrid across the study period (216 and 34 respectively) and their effects on population health [43], including prematurity [18], justify their inclusion in the analysis as two variables with independent effect [37], since, even though the number of cold waves was very much lower than that of heat waves, in Spain daily mortality attributable to cold waves is higher than that attributable to heat [69]. The reason why temperature in heat and cold waves is not shown to be related to LBW resides in the fact that an underlying stress mechanism is once again at work [70], with the result that its effect is fundamentally seen in the final stages of pregnancy, causing prematurity in the birth [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the adoption of measures at a governmental level to reduce the number of these vehicles would result in a lower exposure of pregnant women to this pollutant and, by extension, in a possible decrease in the number of infants with LBW. In the case of noise, 80% of which is traffic-generated in a city such as Madrid [43], the above governmental measures should be supplemented by adopting individual purpose-designed measures aimed at limiting exposure to high noise levels during the final week’s pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their linear relationship, the air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , O 3 and NO 2 ) and noise levels (Leqd and Leqn) were introduced into the model as linear components without threshold.However, the relationship between ambient maximum temperature and neonatal outcomes displayed the usual V-shaped pattern already observed in the case of mortality and morbidity variables [41,42]. For analysis purposes, temperature was introduced into the following, two branches: one, in the case of heat, set maximum tempertature at a daily maximum of 34°C; and the other, in the case of cold, set minimum temperature at a daily minimum of -2°C [43]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Environmental Factors on Low Weight in Non-Premature Births: A Time Series Analysis

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveExposure to pollutants during pregnancy has been related to adverse birth outcomes. LBW can give rise to lifelong impairments. Prematurity is the leading cause of LBW, yet few studies have attempted to analyse how environmental factors can influence LBW in infants who are not premature. This study therefore sought to analyse the influence of air pollution, noise levels and temperature on LBW in non-premature births in Madrid during the period 2001–2009.MethodsEcological time-series study to assess the impact of PM2.5, NO2 and O3 concentrations, noise levels, and temperatures on LBW among non-premature infants across the period 2001–2009. Our analysis extended to infants having birth weights of 1,500 g to 2,500 g (VLBW) and less than 1,500 g (ELBW). Environmental variables were lagged until 37 weeks with respect to the date of birth, and cross-correlation functions were used to identify explaining lags. Results were quantified using Poisson regression models.ResultsAcross the study period 298,705 births were registered in Madrid, 3,290 of which had LBW; of this latter total, 1,492 were non-premature. PM2.5 was the only pollutant to show an association with the three variables of LBW in non-premature births. This association occurred at around the third month of gestation for LBW and VLBW (LBW: lag 23 and VLBW: lag 25), and at around the eighth month of gestation for ELBW (lag 6). Leqd was linked to LBW at lag zero. The RR of PM2.5 on LBW was 1.01 (1.00 1.03). The RR of Leqd on LBW was 1.09 (0.99 1.19)(p<0.1).ConclusionsThe results obtained indicate that PM2.5 had influence on LBW. The adoption of measures aimed at reducing the number of vehicles would serve to lower pregnant women's exposure. In the case of noise should be limited the exposure to high levels during the final weeks of pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Environmental Factors on Low Weight in Non-Premature Births: A Time Series Analysis

et al. 2016

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“…There is a mortality attributable to cold days which has been reported by many studies [13]; a finding in studies conducted in different places around the world [24] showed that temperature-attributable deaths caused by cold is 7.29% and by heat is 0.42%, i.e., twenty times higher. Similarly, a study conducted in Spain reported the effect of cold is five times greater than that of heat [30]. Though some families use the heating system in winter, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large enough to threaten human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat or Cold: Which One Exerts Greater Deleterious Effects on Health in a Basin Climate City? Impact of Ambient Temperature on Mortality in Chengdu, China

Cui

Yin

Deng

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Background: Although studies from many countries have estimated the impact of ambient temperature on mortality, few have compared the relative impacts of heat and cold on health, especially in basin climate cities. We aimed to quantify the impact of ambient temperature on mortality, and to compare the contributions of heat and cold in a large basin climate city, i.e., Chengdu (Sichuan Province, China); Methods: We estimated the temperature-mortality association with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) with a maximum lag-time of 21 days while controlling for long time trends and day of week. We calculated the mortality risk attributable to heat and cold, which were defined as temperatures above and below an “optimum temperature” that corresponded to the point of minimum mortality. In addition, we explored effects of individual characteristics; Results: The analysis provides estimates of the overall mortality burden attributable to temperature, and then computes the components attributable to heat and cold. Overall, the total fraction of deaths caused by both heat and cold was 10.93% (95%CI: 7.99%–13.65%). Taken separately, cold was responsible for most of the burden (estimate 9.96%, 95%CI: 6.90%–12.81%), while the fraction attributable to heat was relatively small (estimate 0.97%, 95%CI: 0.46%–2.35%). The attributable risk (AR) of respiratory diseases was higher (19.69%, 95%CI: 14.45%–24.24%) than that of cardiovascular diseases (11.40%, 95%CI: 6.29%–16.01%); Conclusions: In Chengdu, temperature was responsible for a substantial fraction of deaths, with cold responsible for a higher proportion of deaths than heat. Respiratory diseases exert a larger effect on death than other diseases especially on cold days. There is potential to reduce respiratory-associated mortality especially among the aged population in basin climate cities when the temperature deviates beneath the optimum. The result may help to comprehensively assess the impact of ambient temperature in basin cities, and further facilitate an appropriate estimate of the health consequences of various climate-change scenarios.

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“…Desde el punto de vista del confort térmico la presencia de islas de calor e islas de sequedad en las ciudades puede tener efectos importantes sobre la calidad de vida de sus habitantes e incluso repercusiones sobre la salud humana, como estrés térmico o mayor exposición a los contaminantes, siendo conocido el incremento registrado en la mortalidad cuando se superan los 36 ºC (Díaz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introducción Y Antecedentesunclassified

Islas de calor y confort térmico en Zaragoza durante la ola de calor de julio de 2015

Tejedor¹,

Cuadrat²,

Saz-Sánchez³

et al. 2016

Clima, Sociedad, Riesgos Y Ordenación Del Territorio

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RESUMENEn este trabajo se analiza la isla de calor y la isla de sequedad del verano del año 2015 a partir de la red de sensores de temperatura y humedad existentes en la ciudad y su entorno inmediato. Asimismo, se evalúa la incidencia de la ciudad sobre las temperaturas y la humedad durante la intensa ola de calor del mes de julio, y se caracteriza el régimen de confort a partir del índice de confort térmico THI, de Thom.Palabras clave, Isla de Calor, Ola de Calor, Índice termohigrométrico de confort (THI), Clima Urbano, Zaragoza. ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes both the heat island and the island of dryness of the summer of 2015 from the network of temperature and humidity sensors existing in the city and its surroundings. Furthermore, we evaluate the incidence of the city within the temperatures and humidity during the intense July heat wave. Finally, we characterized the thermal comfort index from the thermal comfort index THI, Thom.

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Comparison of the effects of extreme temperatures on daily mortality in Madrid (Spain), by age group: The need for a cold wave prevention plan

Cited by 78 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of Environmental Factors on Low Weight in Non-Premature Births: A Time Series Analysis

Effect of Environmental Factors on Low Weight in Non-Premature Births: A Time Series Analysis

Heat or Cold: Which One Exerts Greater Deleterious Effects on Health in a Basin Climate City? Impact of Ambient Temperature on Mortality in Chengdu, China

Islas de calor y confort térmico en Zaragoza durante la ola de calor de julio de 2015

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