Comparison of the effects of kilohertz- and low-frequency electric stimulations: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether kilohertz-frequency alternating current (KFAC) is superior to low-frequency pulsed current (PC) in increasing muscle-evoked torque and lessening discomfort.Data sourcesThe electronic databases PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, and CENTRAL were searched for related articles, published before August 2017. Furthermore, citation search was performed on the original record using Web of Science.Review methodsRandomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and within-subject repeated studies evaluating and comparing KFAC and PC treatments were included. The pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) of KFAC and PC treatments, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using the random effects model.ResultsIn total, 1148 potentially relevant articles were selected, of which 14 articles with within-subject repeated designs (271 participants, mean age: 26.4 years) met the inclusion criteria. KFAC did not significantly increase muscle-evoked torque, compared to PC (pooled SMD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.53, 0.06; P = 0.120). KFAC had comparable discomfort compared to that experienced using PC (pooled SMD: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.50, 0.38; P = 0.800). These estimates of the effects had a high risk of bias, as assessed using the Downs and Black scale, and were highly heterogeneous studies.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis does not establish that KFAC is superior to PC in increasing muscle-evoked torque and lessening discomfort level. However, no strong conclusion could be drawn because of a high risk of bias and a large amount of heterogeneity. High quality studies comparing the efficacy between PC and KFAC treatments with consideration of potential confounders is warranted to facilitate the development of effective treatment.

Enhanced nerve function recovery in radial nerve palsy patients with humerus shaft fracture: a randomized study of low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation combined with exercise therapy

“…Low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation therapy refers to a treatment approach that involves applying electrical currents with a low pulse frequency, typically ranging from 1 to 10 Hz or lower, to the body for therapeutic purposes ( 12 ). In recent years, with the continuous advancement of medical devices, Devices utilizing low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation therapy have been progressively incorporated into the clinical treatment of diverse medical conditions, exhibiting encouraging outcomes across a spectrum of medical disciplines ( 13 ). In the current study, a combination of physical exercise and low-frequency pulse electrical stimulation was applied and yielded positive outcomes in cases of humeral shaft fractures with radial nerve injuries.…”