Comparison of the Effects of Inorganic or Amino Acid-Chelated Zinc on Mouse Myoblast Growth in vitro and Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Growing-Finishing Pigs

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the supplementation of different sources of zinc on mouse myoblast growth in vitro and the growth performance and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. In the in vitro trial, 25 or 75 mM zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), methionine-chelated zinc (ZnMet), and glycine-chelated zinc (ZnGly) were co-cultured with the myoblast during proliferation and differentiation. The results showed that the amino acid-chelated zinc supplementation, especially ZnMet, enhances cell proliferation and differentiation in mouse myoblast, and regulates the distribution in S and G2/M phases (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein expression levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were up-regulated after treatment with 25 μM ZnMet (P < 0.05), which is consistent with the results of the enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway in the transcriptome analysis. In the in vivo trial, 27 Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) pigs with an initial average weight of 31.62 ± 0.36 kg were divided into three groups with nine replicates per treatment. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: (1) ZnSO4 group, basal diet +75 mg/kg ZnSO4; (2) ZnMet group, basal diet +75 mg/kg ZnMet; and (3) ZnGly group, basal diet +75 mg/kg ZnGly. The whole trial lasted for 75 days. Increased final body weight, average daily gain, and decreased F/G were noted in the ZnMet group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the ZnMet group had higher carcass weight and loin eye area (P = 0.05). The ZnMet and ZnGly group both had lower serum total protein (P < 0.05), while the ZnMet group had higher serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05). Also, the addition of ZnMet showed higher concentrations of zinc and iron in muscle, kidney, and serum (P < 0.05), improving the deposition and availability of micronutrients. In conclusion, amino acid-chelated zinc, particularly ZnMet, had the best effect, which could improve growth in vitro and increase growth performance while boosting bioavailability in growing-finishing pigs, ultimately, enhancing muscle mass, providing a theoretical basis and guidance for the future use of amino acid-chelated zinc to effectively replenish energy in animal nutrition and production.

Zinc Homeostasis: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Neuroinflammation Related Diseases

“…Preparations for zinc supplementation have evolved from inorganic zinc agents to organic zinc agents [ 87 ]. Inorganic zinc agents have the disadvantages of strong intestinal irritation and low bioavailability [ 88 ].…”

Effects of Dietary Valine Chelated Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestine Health in Weaned Piglets

“…These results were partly in accordance with the results of Liu et al [ 23 ], who reported that dietary supplementation with 150 mg/kg ZnMet showed a higher concentration of zinc in the liver in piglets. Furthermore, Zhang et al [ 43 ] reported that the supplementation of ZnMet to growing-finishing pigs significantly increased the concentrations of zinc in the muscle, liver, kidney, and serum in comparison with the ZnSO 4 supplementation. In addition, Jahanian et al [ 19 ] found that incremental levels of ZnMet increased zinc concentrations in the liver and thymus of broiler chicks.…”

Dietary replacement of inorganic trace minerals with lower levels of organic trace minerals leads to enhanced antioxidant capacity, nutrient digestibility, and reduced fecal mineral excretion in growing-finishing pigs

“…Dietary supplementation with OTMs has the potential to improve meat quality characteristics. It has been reported that amino acid-chelated zinc supplementation could enhance cell proliferation and differentiation in myoblasts ( 10 ). Moreover, OTMs could reduce drip loss by 4–6 days postmortem, which is important for prolonging the shelf life of pork ( 29 ).…”

“…Furthermore, most of the amino acid-chelated trace minerals used in the previous studies were single amino acid chelates, such as Gly-Fe, Gly-Zn, and Met-Zn (10)(11)(12)(13). In this study, we used a novel compound, an amino acid-chelated trace mineral product, containing 18 types of amino acids.…”