Comparison of the effects of human adipose and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on T lymphocytes

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can be derived either from the bone marrow (bMSCs) or adipose tissue (aMSCs). We have compared the immune regulatory properties of cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue to provide a theoretical basis for the choice of stem cell source for transplantation. The phenotypes of bMSCs and aMSCs are similar, differing only in the expression of CD106. aMSCs proliferate faster than bMSCs, but aMSCs suppressed T-lymphocyte proliferation and activation more poorly than bMSCs. Thus cell origin and abundance are important factors in determining the suitability of MSCs for transplantation. Adipose tissue offers a more promising source of cells for such an application.

Comparing the Immunomodulatory Properties of Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Birth-Associated Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…In both settings suppression was induced by soluble mediators. In contrast, whereas Ribeiro et al ( 36 ) found AT-MSCs (compared to BM-MSCs and UC-MSCs) to have the strongest suppressive effect on the activation and acquisition of lymphoblast characteristics on T cells, Xishan et al ( 12 ) determined BM-MSCs to have a superior immunosuppressive effect over AT-MSCs. In a study comparing MSCs from bone marrow, adipose tissue and Wharton’s jelly, AT-MSCs showed the strongest effect on downregulating the activation marker CD38 on T cells, followed by UC-MSCs, whereas BM-MSCs had the weakest effect ( 33 ).…”

“…A large number of studies have been performed to explore the effects of MSCs on Th1 cells, considered to be the main effector cells of proinflammatory cell-mediated immunity and organ-specific autoimmune disorders ( 23 , 48 , 49 ). The results obtained from these studies usually imply an inhibiting effect on Th1 cells ( 12 , 41 , 48 – 50 ). However, there are conditions in which MSCs seem to promote Th1 cells and inhibit the differentiation of Th2 cells ( 49 ).…”

“…They are able to influence the differentiation of Th0 cells into Th1, Th2, Th17, or regulatory T cells (Tregs) ( 36 , 41 , 42 ). MSCs seem to hamper T cell proliferation by arresting T cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle ( 12 , 43 ), thus reducing the total number of T cells undergoing activation. MSCs exert their immunomodulatory functions through numerous molecules.…”

“…There are, however, subtle differences, which may result from the microenvironmental niche, the local function (stromal support of hematopoiesis in the BM and immune homeostasis by AT), and the ontogenetic age (birth-associated versus adult) ( 5 , 7 , 11 ) or induced by the isolation and culture procedure. CD106 is one example, as it is significantly reduced on AT-MSCs compared to other MSCs ( 5 , 12 , 13 ). CD34, on the other hand, appears on AT-MSCs in situ and early in culture but on no other MSCs ( 14 , 15 ).…”

Comparison of the Direct Effects of Human Adipose- and Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Postischemic Cardiomyoblasts in anIn VitroSimulated Ischemia-Reperfusion Model

“…However, this may prove to be problematic in case of myocardial regeneration due to increased possibility of scar formation. Finally, a comparative study indicated ASCs to be a more promising source because of its more favorable immunomodulatory effects [48]. …”