Comparison of the efficacy of ShotBlocker and cold spray in reducing intramuscular injection-related pain in adults

Bilge, Sedat; Aydın, Attila; Gun, Cem; Aldinc, Hasan; Acar, Yahya Ayhan; Yaylacı, Serpil; Çınar, Orhan; Balcı, Veysel

doi:10.15537/smj.2019.10.24322

Cited by 18 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As the vibration application is non‐pharmacological, it is a procedure that nurses can perform independently (Aslan, 2014; Özveren, 2011). Although there are many studies in the literature reporting that vibration and cold application reduce injection pain (Ballard et al, 2019; Bilge et al, 2019; Şahin & Eşer, 2018), the number of the studies conducted by applying vibration for adult patients is quite limited. In the study by Alshahwan, vibration and cold application were compared in reducing pain and it was stated that vibration was more effective in reducing pain (Alshahwan, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visual Analog Scale, which is used to assess the level of pain and satisfaction, is a 10 cm scale with subjective descriptive expressions on both sides (0 cm: no pain/no pleasure at all and 10 cm: unbearable pain/very satisfied). In the present study, VAS was preferred due to its use in similar studies which examine pain and satisfaction together (Bilge et al, 2019; İnangil & İnangil, 2020; Şahin & Eşer, 2018). Pain and satisfaction were assessed separately.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of vibration stimulation on intramuscular injection pain and patient satisfaction: Single–blind, randomised controlled study

Dinçer

Yıldırım

2021

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vibration stimulation application in ventrogluteal region on intramuscular injection pain and patient satisfaction. Background Intramuscular injection pain caused distress for the patients and affected their compliance with the treatment. Design This was a prospective, single‐blind, cross‐over study. The study complied with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Methods Eighty‐four patients who applied to the adult emergency department received an intramuscular injection of amoxicillin\ cefuroxime sodium to the ventrogluteal site with and without vibration in a random order following a standard procedure by the same investigator. Pain and satisfaction were assessed immediately after the injection with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), by a researcher blinded to the study. The data were evaluated using mean, standard deviation, percentage, Student's t‐test, paired sample t‐test, linear regression analysis and generalised linear mixed model. Results A total of 174 injections were analysed. The result of the study revealed that vibration decreased the severity of pain and increased the patient satisfaction. Conclusions Vibration is a non‐pharmacologic approach, which can be effective in decreasing the injection pain and increasing patient satisfaction. Relevance to clinical practice Intramuscular injection is the most frequently used nursing practice in the clinic. The use of vibration in decreasing pain due to intramuscular applications can help increase the self‐confidence of nurses and the quality of the care they provide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of vibration stimulation on intramuscular injection pain and patient satisfaction: Single–blind, randomised controlled study

Dinçer

Yıldırım

2021

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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“…Similarly, in another study by Bilge et al, they used cold spray for ice effect. After the application, they found that the cold spray was an effective attempt to reduce the pain associated with IM injection (26). Additionally, it has been reported in literature that beside its pain decreasing effects, cold applications could cause vasoconstriction and delays in the absorption of the drug, and that this should be taken into consideration in patients where the absorption of the drug needs to be fast (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of The Effectiveness of Local Ice and Manual Pressure Application in Decreasing Pain Related to Intramuscular Injection

Bilgiç

2021

Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences

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Objective: Because of the pain they cause, intramuscular (IM) injection applications can constitute a negative experience for both the patients and the nurses performing the application. This study was planned to compare the effectiveness of local ice and manual pressure applications in decreasing the injection pain experienced by patients.Methods: This study performed a university hospital in Turkey. One hundred and thirty five patients, 45 in the local ice group, 45 in the manual pressure group and 45 in the control group, met the inclusion criteria and completed the study. The local ice group received cold ice application to the injection area before injection. The manual pressure group received pressure applied by the researcher to the injection area before injection. The control group received routine injection. Study data was collected using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS) and the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS).Results: As a result of the study, no difference was found between the groups in which manual pressure and local ice applications were applied. However, a statistically significant difference was found between the experimental groups (manual pressure and local ice) and the control group. The mean ± standard deviation WBS and VAS scores of the control group (2.22±0.84 and 13.13±13.49, respectively) were statistically significantly higher than the groups in which manual pressure (1.82±0.80 and 8.11±9.13, respectively) and local ice (1.80±0.69 and 7.26±4.98, respectively) were applied. Conclusions:It was concluded that local ice and manual pressure applications before IM injections were effective in decreasing the injection pain of patients.

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“…In our study, VAS scores of patients who experienced unintentional movement during dermal puncture were higher (1.44 ± 0.59 vs. 1.98 ± 0.58; P < 0.05). These results can be explained by the fact that pain assessment can be affected by negative expectations or anxiety (17,18).…”

Section: E35mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors referred to the Gate Control Theory (22) for the immediate effects of the ShotBlocker for intramuscular injection pain (7,17,23,24). ShotBlocker could inhibit the transmission of action potentials from small-diameter fibers by activating inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal spinal roots with a tactile stimulation with multiple blunt points.…”

Section: E35mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of ShotBlocker on Pain and Patient Satisfaction for Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Trial

2020

Pain Phys

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BACKGROUND: During spinal anesthesia, patients may experience pain and discomfort associated with dermal puncture. It may also cause involuntary movement, which often disturbs the patient’s posture thus affecting the success of spinal anesthesia. Different methods have been studied to cope with needle-related pain. “ShotBlocker” is a flexible, plastic, U-shaped device, which has several blunt points. It is suggested that blunt points provide a nonnoxious physical stimulation and inhibit the transmission of injection pain. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the ShotBlocker for dermal puncture pain during spinal anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: University hospital, operating room. METHODS: Ninety-four patients aged 18 to 65 years with physical status American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II scheduled for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to either a ShotBlocker (n = 47) or control group (n = 47). In the ShotBlocker group, lumbar punctures were performed with the application of ShotBlocker. Needle-associated pain score and patient satisfaction were assessed by the patient, immediately after completion of the spinal anesthesia using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and a 5-point Likert scale for satisfaction. Patients were also closely observed for symptoms of discomfort such as spontaneous vocalization and involuntary movement. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients completed the study. There was no significant difference in VAS scores, patient satisfaction, or procedure time between groups (P > 0.05). Spontaneous vocalization did not occur in both groups. However, incidence of unintentional movement during dermal puncture was higher in the control group (6.8% vs. 31.8%; P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: Study was conducted in a single-center with a relatively small population of patients. Only the attending anesthetist collecting data was blinded to the procedure. Patients older than age 65 years were also excluded from the study, thus our results cannot be generalized. CONCLUSIONS: ShotBlocker did not show any advantage on VAS scores but decreased the incidence of unintentional movement during dermal puncture. KEY WORDS: Spinal anesthesia, pain, ShotBlocker, needle, pin-prick pain, dermal puncture, neuraxial block, regional, needle phobia, lumbar puncture

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Comparison of the efficacy of ShotBlocker and cold spray in reducing intramuscular injection-related pain in adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of vibration stimulation on intramuscular injection pain and patient satisfaction: Single–blind, randomised controlled study

The effect of vibration stimulation on intramuscular injection pain and patient satisfaction: Single–blind, randomised controlled study

The Comparison of The Effectiveness of Local Ice and Manual Pressure Application in Decreasing Pain Related to Intramuscular Injection

The Effect of ShotBlocker on Pain and Patient Satisfaction for Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Trial

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