Comparison of the flexural behavior of natural and thermo-hydro-mechanically densified Moso bamboo

Dixon, Patrick; Semple, Kate; Kutnar, Andreja; Kamke, Frederick A.; Smith, Gregory D.; Gibson, Lorna

doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1047-9

Cited by 44 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…It is known for its exceptionally fast growth (over 1 m in 24 h [4]), high strength and stiffness [5], and excellent fracture toughness [6]. Bamboo is a renewable and sustainable material that has potential in structural bamboo products analogous to wood products such as plywood, and oriented strand board [2, 7, 8], fiber-reinforced composites [9] and in many other products, such as furniture, handicrafts, scaffolding, flooring and construction [2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo

et al. 2017

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Background Biological materials have a complex, hierarchical structure, with vital structural features present at all size scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale. A method that can connect information at multiple length scales has great potential to reveal novel information. This article presents one such method with an application to the bamboo culm wall. Moso (Phyllostachys edulis) bamboo is a commercially important bamboo species. At the cellular level, bamboo culm wall consists of vascular bundles embedded in a parenchyma cell tissue matrix. The microfibril angle (MFA) in the bamboo cell wall is related to its macroscopic longitudinal stiffness and strength and can be determined at the nanoscale with wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Combining WAXS with X-ray microtomography (XMT) allows tissue-specific study of the bamboo culm without invasive chemical treatment.Results The scattering contribution of the fiber and parenchyma cells were separated with spatially-localized WAXS. The fiber component was dominated by a high degree of orientation corresponding to small MFAs (mean MFA 11°). The parenchyma component showed significantly lower degree of orientation with a maximum at larger angles (mean MFA 65°). The fiber ratio, the volume of cell wall in the fibers relative to the overall volume of cell wall, was determined by fitting the scattering intensities with these two components. The fiber ratio was also determined from the XMT data and similar fiber ratios were obtained from the two methods, one connected to the cellular level and one to the nanoscale. X-ray diffraction tomography was also done to study the differences in microfibril orientation between fibers and the parenchyma and further connect the microscale to the nanoscale.Conclusions The spatially-localized WAXS yields biologically relevant, tissue-specific information. With the custom-made bench-top set-up presented, diffraction contrast information can be obtained from plant tissue (1) from regions-of-interest, (2) as a function of distance (line scan), or (3) with two-dimensional or three-dimensional tomography. This nanoscale information is connected to the cellular level features.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially-localized bench-top X-ray scattering reveals tissue-specific microfibril orientation in Moso bamboo

et al. 2017

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“…Recently, tremendous efforts have been devoted to processing bamboo into sustainable, eco‐friendly, cost‐effective, and high‐performance composite materials. Pre‐treatment with bleaching, saturated steam, hot oil, or by filling with resin followed by densification, has led to the enhanced mechanical performance of natural bamboo . However, the improvement of the mechanical strength is moderate, generally achieving a tensile strength of 200–300 MPa and flexural strength of 100–320 MPa (Tables S1 and S2, Supporting Information), which is mainly due to the natural brittleness of the lignin network and inefficient load transfer caused by weak interface interactions between the sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells and the existence of numerous defects.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Strong, Tough, and Scalable Structural Material from Fast‐Growing Bamboo

et al. 2020

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Lightweight structural materials with high strength are desirable for advanced applications in transportation, construction, automotive, and aerospace. Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants with a peak growth rate up to 100 cm per day. Here, a simple and effective top‐down approach is designed for processing natural bamboo into a lightweight yet strong bulk structural material with a record high tensile strength of ≈1 GPa and toughness of 9.74 MJ m−3. More specifically, bamboo is densified by the partial removal of its lignin and hemicellulose, followed by hot‐pressing. Long, aligned cellulose nanofibrils with dramatically increased hydrogen bonds and largely reduced structural defects in the densified bamboo structure contribute to its high mechanical tensile strength, flexural strength, and toughness. The low density of lignocellulose in the densified bamboo leads to a specific strength of 777 MPa cm3 g−1, which is significantly greater than other reported bamboo materials and most structural materials (e.g., natural polymers, plastics, steels, and alloys). This work demonstrates a potential large‐scale production of lightweight, strong bulk structural materials from abundant, fast‐growing, and sustainable bamboo.

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“…This differential densification would result in lower properties at a given density. The phenomenon of artificially increasing the fiber volume fraction through controlled densification but being unable to match the flexural properties of natural tissue from the outer culm wall that is naturally high density was observed by Semple et al (2013) and discussed by Dixon et al (2016). The interpretation and relating the present findings to wood OSB is further complicated by the observation by Semple et al (2015c) that unlike wood, the bamboo tissue in the surfaces of the board, even adjacent to the platens, undergoes little densification during a typical hot press cycle for OSB.…”

Section: Moe Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 96%