Comparison of the frequency and enjoyability of pleasant events in cocaine abusers vs. non‐abusers using a standardized behavioral inventory

Etten, Michelle L. Van; Higgins, Susan; Budney, Alan J.; Badger, Gary J.

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.931116695.x

Cited by 62 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This suggests that higher cocaine choice in females may depend on their ability to space their reinforcement out over a longer period, indicating that higher cocaine choice in females is not explained by higher impulsivity exhibited by female rats when different amounts of a single type of reinforcer is available (ie, Anker et al, 2008;Perry et al, 2007). Given that maladaptive decisionmaking contributes to drug dependence in humans (American Psychiatric Association (1994);Santolaria-Fernández et al, 1995;van Etten et al, 1998), the present findings indicate that there is a biological predisposition for females to forgo food reinforcement to obtain cocaine reinforcement, which may substantially contribute to women experiencing a more severe profile of cocaine addiction than men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sex Differences in Selecting Between Food and Cocaine Reinforcement are Mediated by Estrogen

Kerstetter

Ballis

Duffin-Lutgen

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

100

105

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Cocaine-dependent women, relative to their male counterparts, report shorter cocaine-free periods and report transiting faster from first use to entering treatment for addiction. Similarly, preclinical studies indicate that female rats, particularly those in the estrus phase of their reproductive cycle, show increased operant responding for cocaine under a wide variety of schedules. Making maladaptive choices is a component of drug dependence, and concurrent reinforcement schedules that examine cocaine choice offers an animal model of the conditions of human drug use; therefore, the examination of sex differences in decision-making may be critical to understanding why women display a more severe profile of cocaine addiction than men. Accordingly, we assessed sex and estrous cycle differences in choice between food (45 mg grain pellets) and intravenous cocaine (0.4 or 1.0 mg/kg per infusion) reinforcement in male, female (freely cycling), and ovariectomized (OVX) females treated with either estrogen benzoate (EB; 5 μg per day) or vehicle. At both cocaine doses, intact female rats choose cocaine over food significantly more than male rats. However, the estrous cycle did not impact the level of cocaine choice in intact females. Nevertheless, OVX females treated with vehicle exhibited a substantially lower cocaine choice compared with those receiving daily EB or to intact females. These results demonstrate that intact females have a greater preference for cocaine over food compared with males. Furthermore, this higher preference is estrogen-dependent, but does not vary across the female reproductive cycle, suggesting that ovarian hormones regulate cocaine choice. The present findings indicate that there is a biological predisposition for females to forgo food reinforcement to obtain cocaine reinforcement, which may substantially contribute to women experiencing a more severe profile of cocaine addiction than men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sex Differences in Selecting Between Food and Cocaine Reinforcement are Mediated by Estrogen

Kerstetter

Ballis

Duffin-Lutgen

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

100

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Debe comentarse que el estudio por separado del afecto positivo y negativo se ha llevado a cabo y parece resultar de utilidad en otros trastornos mentales tales como la esquizofrenia (Blanchard, Mueser & Bellack 1998;Horan, Wynn, Kring, Simons & Green, 2010), el trastorno bipolar (Meyer & Baur, 2009) y trastornos relacionados con sustancias (Van Etten, Higgins, Budney & Badger, 1998). También se ha estudiado en trastornos físicos como el cáncer (Voogt et al, 2005), cardiopatías (Spindler, Denollet, Kruse & Pedersen, 2009;Versteeg et al, 2009) y otros trastornos de salud (Fortenberry et al, 2009;Janicki-Deverts, Cohen, Doyle, Turner & Treanor, 2007).…”

Section: Estudios Sobre La Depresiónunclassified

Afecto positivo y negativo: ¿Una dimensión bipolar o dos dimensiones unipolares independientes?

Blázquez

Soria-Mas

Contreras

2012

Interd

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RESUMENDesde los trabajos pioneros de Bradburn (1969) el afecto positivo y el afecto negativo han sido concebidos como dos dimensiones unipolares independientes, aunque todavía se mantiene hoy en día la controversia teórica entre defensores de un modelo unidimensional bipolar y los de un modelo bidimensional unipolar. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la problemática que rodea esta controversia tomando en consideración por un lado, los dos estados afectivos (el humor o tono afectivo y las emociones) y por otro lado, revisando los estudios y modelos teó-ricos provenientes de distintas áreas tales como Psicometría, Psicología Básica, neurociencia, Psicología Clínica y Psicología de la Salud. Finalmente, se ofrece una posible explicación a los datos contradictorios obtenidos en los distintos estudios. Se sugiere la conveniencia de hacer estudios claramente diferenciados sobre el humor y las emociones. Sobre el humor existen pocos trabajos, pero éstos ofrecen mayor apoyo a un modelo unidimensional bipolar. Sin embargo, sobre las emociones hay mayor cantidad de estudios que ofrecen mayor apoyo a un modelo bidimensional unipolar.Palabras clave: Afecto positivo; Afecto negativo; Estado afectivo; Humor; Emociones. ABSTRACTSince the seminal contribution of Bradburn (1969), positive and negative affect have been

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“…Heightening awareness of existing opportunities for reinforcement, or teaching a person to engage in behaviors resulting in contact with additional reinforcers (e.g., reinforcers that were previously unavailable due to skill deficits), could increase reward density. 53 Research on behavioral reactivity modification also predicts that combining interventions which increase the frequency and magnitude of available rewards or dopamine signaling should reduce behavioral reactivity to a greater extent. For example, combining buproprion and treatment to increase the availability of alternative reinforcers should reduce behavioral reactivity more effectively.…”

Section: Current Clinical Interventions and Behavioral Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Behavioral Reactivity and Addiction: The Adaptation of Behavioral Response to Reward Opportunities

Trafton

Gifford²

2008

JNP

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Persons recovering from addiction must refrain from drug use even when the opportunity to use exists. Understanding how behavioral response to drug reward opportunities is modified is key to treating addiction. Most effective behavioral therapies encourage patients to increase reinforcement opportunities by engaging unidentified sources of nondrug reward. The authors integrate transdisciplinary research on the brain and behavioral effects of increasing reward availability to demonstrate one neurobiological mechanism by which behavioral therapies help patients abstain. Explicating neurobiological processes underlying psychotherapy provides predictions about the interaction between dopaminergic medications and therapy and the impact of individual differences in dopamine receptor expression on addiction vulnerability.

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Comparison of the frequency and enjoyability of pleasant events in cocaine abusers vs. non‐abusers using a standardized behavioral inventory

Abstract: Drug abuse is associated with low density of certain types of non-drug reinforcement. Systematic increases in these activities may improve treatment outcome.

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Sex Differences in Selecting Between Food and Cocaine Reinforcement are Mediated by Estrogen

Sex Differences in Selecting Between Food and Cocaine Reinforcement are Mediated by Estrogen

Afecto positivo y negativo: ¿Una dimensión bipolar o dos dimensiones unipolares independientes?

Behavioral Reactivity and Addiction: The Adaptation of Behavioral Response to Reward Opportunities

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