Comparison of the Heavy Metal Biosorption Capacity of Active, Heat‐Inactivated and NaOH‐Treated Phanerochaete chrysosporium Biosorbents

Abstract

Three different kinds of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (NaOH‐treated, heat‐inactivated and active) biosorbent were used for the removal of Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions from aquatic systems. The biosorption of Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions on three different forms of Phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied in aqueous solutions in the concentration range of 50–700 mg/L. Maximum biosorption capacities of NaOH‐treated, heat‐inactivated and active Phanerochaete chrysosporium biomass were found to be 148.37 mg/g, 78.68 mg/g and 68.56 mg/g for Cd(II) as well as 224.67 mg/g, 122.37 mg/g and 88.26 mg/g for Hg(II), respectively. For Cd(II) and Hg(II) ions, the order of affinity of the biosorbents was arranged as NaOH‐treated > heat‐inactivated > active. The order of the amount of metal ions adsorbed was established as Hg(II) > Cd(II) on a weight basis, and as Cd(II) > Hg(II) on a molar basis. Biosorption equilibriums were established in about 60 min. The effect of the pH was also investigated, and maximum rates of biosorption of metal ions on the three different forms of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were observed at pH 6.0. The reusability experiments and synthetic wastewater studies were carried out with the most effective form, i.e., the NaOH‐treated Phanerochaete chrysosporium biomass. It was observed that the biosorbent could be regenerated using 10 mM HCl solution, with a recovery of up to 98%, and it could be reused in five biosorption‐desorption cycles without any considerable loss in biosorption capacity. The alkali‐treated Phanerochaete chrysosporium removed 73% of Cd(II) and 81% of Hg(II) ions from synthetic wastewater.

Biosorption of chromium species by aquatic weeds: Kinetics and mechanism studies

“…The decrease in Cr(VI) removal may be due to the net increase in the surface negative charge of the adsorbents or masking of surface groups by corresponding sodium salts [35,43]. This treatment also affected the physical characteristics of the adsorbent, thereby hindered the operational stability.…”

“…To enhance the removal efficiency of metal ions by the biosorbent, various pre-treatments can be used. Pretreatment may be in terms of hardening the cell wall structure through a cross-linking reaction using epichlorohydrin [34], or increasing the negative charge on the cell surface by NaOH treatment [35], or increasing the positive charge on the cell surface and opening of the available sites for the adsorption by acid treatment [17,36]. Therefore, biosorbents were subjected to alkali and acid treatments prior to biosorption studies.…”

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by chemically modified seaweed, Cystoseira indica

“…standard error t sorption time (min) V volume of metal solution (L) W mass of sorbent (g) a cross-linking reaction using epichlorohydrin [18], or increasing the negative charge on the cell surface by NaOH treatment [19], or opening of the available sites for the adsorption by acid treatment [16,20], and enhancing ion exchange by Ca 2+ solution treatment [12]. However, the studies on the use of chemically modified seaweed for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater are very limited [12,16,[18][19][20]. The aim of the present investigation is to enhance the Cr(VI)-reducing capacity of the C. indica biomass by various chemical treatments.…”

Batch and column removal of copper by modified brown algae sargassum bevanom from aqueous solution

“…The linearized form of the Temkin adsorption isotherm presented [Eqn (15)] was used to analyze the equilibrium data.…”

“…To enhance the removal efficiency of metal ions by the biomass, various pretreatments can be used. Pretreatments can be either heat treatment, or increasing the negative charge on the cell surface by NaOH treatment, [15] or opening of the available sites for the adsorption by acid treatment. [16] In this study, removal of Cu(II) by S. bevanom is taken into account.…”