Comparison of the hydrological time series modeling by the floods in river Indus of Pakistan

Abstract

Today, in the field of science and technology, huge forecasting applications are used by scholars to forecast future values. Nowadays, using estimating the flood forecasting for peak flow discharges is very common for the risk assessment annually by quantitative data collections from different resources. The very famous and longest rivers of Pakistan i.e. Indus River and other rivers too like River Jhelum, River Kabul, and River Chenab are the prime sources of flooding. These rivers are the prime tributaries of the Indus River System. Pakistan's longest river, River Indus, is connected with the seven (7) gauge stations called Dams and barrages, and they are playing a vital role in the generation of electricity and also in irrigation for Pakistan. In this research paper, we calculated the flood risk for the Indus using the streamflow discharges on the daily basis. At present, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model is widely used to analyze these hydrological time series data. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) merges the potentiality of Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to work out problems of different kinds. For this purpose, we used the data for the years from 2002 to 2012 daily (6-months each year) streamflow period. In our analysis, the root means square error (RMSE) shows that the ANFIS model generated more satisfactory results than other models with minimum prediction errors. The ANFIS model is more reliable and has the feasibility of integrating the essence of a fuzzy system into the real world.1–28

Systematic review on the use of digital terrain models in dam rupture simulations

“…The research has an exploratory character to observe the response of the hydrodynamic model in relation to the variation in the spatial resolution of the, DTM, as input data. In addition, it is possible to mention some recent searches about the dam break or hydrologic studies by several authors as 11 , 12 for example. The interdisciplinary character of the study presented the need to search the literature for the most current studies on the topics addressed.…”