Comparison of the immunogenicity &amp; protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in non-human primates

Mukhopadhyay, Labanya; Yadav, Pragya D; Gupta, Nivedita; Mohandas, Sreelekshmy; Patil, Deepak Y.; Shete-Aich, Anita; Panda, Samiran; Bhargava, Balram

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_4431_20

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…BNT162b2 induced marked levels of EIA antibodies as early as one week after the first dose; however, detectable EIA antibodies developed two weeks after the first dose, and the level increased after the second dose of NVX-CoV2373. Similar EIA IgG antibody development was reported after mRNA vaccination, and a delay in the IgG response was reported following inoculation with NVX-CoV2373 [31][32][33]. This is related to the different profiles of cytokines and chemokines following inoculation with BNT162b2 and NVX-CoV2373, with higher levels of CXCL13 after first dose of inoculation with BNT162b2 and higher levels of Th2 chemokines (CCL17 and CCL11) in muscle tissues and sera on Day 1 of the second dose of NVX-CoV2373.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Mice Inoculated with NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid®) in Comparison with Omicron BA.4/5 Bivalent BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®)

Nakayama,

Ito,

Ishiyama

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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A recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) has been licensed and has a lesser incidence of adverse events. To know the immunological mechanisms of adverse events, the production of cytokines and chemokines was investigated in mice inoculated with NVX-CoV2373. Serum IL-6 was detected on Day 1 of the first and second doses and the IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels increased on Day 1 of the second dose at the inoculation site. The enhanced production of the inflammatory chemokines (CCL2), homeostatic chemokine (CXCL13), and Th2 chemokine (CCL17) was observed at the inoculation site on Day 1 of the second dose. These findings were compared with data obtained following inoculation with BNT162b2 bivalent vaccine containing omicron BA.4/5. Significantly lower levels of inflammatory chemokines were detected on Day 1 after the first dose of NVX-CoV2373 in sera and inoculation site than those following inoculation with bivalent BNT162b2 (p < 0.01), reflecting a lower incidence of adverse events after immunization with NVX-CoV2373 in humans. NVX-CoV2373 induced significantly higher concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 at the inoculation site obtained on Day 1 of the second dose (p < 0.05). Significant higher levels of Th2 chemokines, CCL11 and CCL17, were induced at the inoculation site on Day 1 of the second dose (p < 0.01) and they explain the booster IgG EIA antibody response after the second dose of NVX-CoV2373.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Mice Inoculated with NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid®) in Comparison with Omicron BA.4/5 Bivalent BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®)

Nakayama,

Ito,

Ishiyama

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…In our study, all vaccinated pregnant women received inactivated vaccines. Compared with mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines, inactivated vaccines may have lower immunogenicity 33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, inactivated vaccines may have lower immunogenicity. 33 The main strength of this study was the longitudinal followup setting, which allowed us to obtain data regarding both maternal and newborn health. Additionally, COVID-19 vaccination information was obtained from each participant's electronic vaccination record, thus exposure misclassification is unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No association of vaccination with inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines before conception with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes: A cohort study of 5457 Chinese pregnant women

Zhao

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Data on the safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women is limited and monitoring pregnancy outcomes is required. We aimed to examine whether vaccination with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines before conception was associated with pregnancy complications or adverse birth outcomes. We conducted a birth cohort study in Shanghai, China. A total of 7000 healthy pregnant women were enrolled, of whom 5848 were followed up through delivery. Vaccine administration information was obtained from electronic vaccination records. Relative risks (RRs) of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and macrosomia associated with COVID-19 vaccination were estimated by multivariable-adjusted log-binomial analysis. After exclusion, 5457 participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 2668 (48.9%) received at least two doses of an inactivated vaccine before conception. Compared with unvaccinated women, there

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“…In our study, all vaccinated pregnant women received inactivated vaccines. Compared with mRNA vaccines, inactivated vaccines may have lower immunogenicity 40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of COVID‐19 vaccination before conception with maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy: A single‐center study in China

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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Despite the high vaccination coverage, potential COVID‐19 vaccine‐induced adverse effects, especially in pregnant women, have not been fully characterized. We examined the association between COVID‐19 vaccination before conception and maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China. A total of 6979 pregnant women were included. Vaccine administration was obtained from electronic vaccination records. Serum levels of thyroid hormone were measured by fluorescence and chemiluminescence immunoassays. Among the 6979 included pregnant women, 3470 (49.7%) received at least two doses of an inactivated vaccine. COVID‐19 vaccination had a statistically significant association with both maternal serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Compared with unvaccinated pregnant women, the mean FT4 levels were lower in pregnant women who had been vaccinated within 3 months before the date of conception by 0.27 pmol/L (β = −0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.42, −0.12), and the mean TSH levels were higher by 0.08 mIU/L (β = 0.08, 95% CI, 0.00, 0.15). However, when the interval from vaccination to conception was prolonged to more than 3 months, COVID‐19 vaccination was not associated with serum FT4 or TSH levels. Moreover, we found that COVID‐19 vaccination did not significantly associate with maternal hypothyroidism. Our study suggested that vaccination with inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines before conception might result in a small change in maternal thyroid function, but this did not reach clinically significant levels.

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Comparison of the immunogenicity & protective efficacy of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in non-human primates

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Mice Inoculated with NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid®) in Comparison with Omicron BA.4/5 Bivalent BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®)

Cytokine and Chemokine Production in Mice Inoculated with NVX-CoV2373 (Nuvaxovid®) in Comparison with Omicron BA.4/5 Bivalent BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®)

No association of vaccination with inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines before conception with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes: A cohort study of 5457 Chinese pregnant women

Association of COVID‐19 vaccination before conception with maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy: A single‐center study in China

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