Comparison of the International Crowding Measure in Emergency Departments (ICMED) and the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS) to measure emergency department crowding: pilot study

Abstract

IntroductionThere is uncertainty about the best way to measure emergency department crowding. We have previously developed a consensus-based measure of crowding, the International Crowding Measure in Emergency Departments (ICMED). We aimed to obtain pilot data to evaluate the ability of a shortened form of the ICMED, the sICMED, to predict senior emergency department clinicians’ concerns about crowding and danger compared with a very well-studied measure of emergency department crowding, the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS).MethodsWe collected real-time observations of the sICMED and NEDOCS and compared these with clinicians’ perceptions of crowding and danger on a visual analogue scale. Data were collected in four emergency departments in the East of England. Associations were explored using simple regression, random intercept models and models accounting for correlation between adjacent time points.ResultsWe conducted 82 h of observation in 10 observation sets. Naive modelling suggested strong associations between sICMED and NEDOCS and clinician perceptions of crowding and danger. Further modelling showed that, due to clustering, the association between sICMED and danger persisted, but the association between these two measures and perception of crowding was no longer statistically significant.ConclusionsBoth sICMED and NEDOCS can be collected easily in a variety of English hospitals. Further studies are required but initial results suggest both scores may have potential use for assessing crowding variation at long timescales, but are less sensitive to hour-by-hour variation. Correlation in time is an important methodological consideration which, if ignored, may lead to erroneous conclusions. Future studies should account for such correlation in both design and analysis.

Impact of emergency department surge and end of shift on patient workup and treatment prior to referral to internal medicine: a health records review

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Overcrowding and Its Association With Patient Outcomes in a Median-Low Volume Emergency Department

“…NEDOCS was derived at moderate to high volume EDs and has been validated in other studies [19, 20]. Crowding and its association with negative patient outcomes, including prolonged ED LOS and increased eloped/LWBS rates, have been consistently reported in the literature [21].…”

Emergency Medicine Resident Efficiency and Emergency Department Crowding

“…ED crowding can be measured using different crowding estimation tools . The National Emergency Department OverCrowding Score (NEDOCS) is one of the most commonly used scoring systems and is validated widely across the nation . Briefly, NEDOCS are calculated based on the total number of patients in the ED, number of critical care ED patients, and number of admit holds in the ED along with the longest time in department of ED admitted patients and patients in the waiting room.…”