Comparison of the Metabolic Costs of Gardening and Common Physical Activities in Children

Abstract

This study investigated the exercise intensity and energy expenditure involved in two gardening activities (planting transplants and sowing seeds in a garden plot) and four common physical activities (running, skipping rope, walking, and throwing a ball) in children. Eighteen children aged 11 to 13 years (mean age, 12.3 ± 0.7 years) participated in this study. The children made two visits to a high tunnel in Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea and performed randomly selected activities. Each activity was performed for 10 min, with a 5-min rest period between activities. The children wore a Cosmed K4b 2 (Cosmed K4b 2 ; Cosmed, Rome, Italy), which is a portable calorimetric monitoring system, to measure indicators of metabolic cost such as oxygen uptake and energy expenditure. The children's heart rates during the activities were measured by radiotelemetry (Polar T 31; FitMed, Kempele, Finland). We found that the two gardening and four physical activities performed by the 11-13 years old children in this study were moderateto high-intensity physical activities [i.e., 5.4 ± 0.7 to 9.1 ± 1.4 metabolic equivalents (METs)]. Running (9.1 ± 1.4 METs) and skipping rope (8.8 ± 1.1 METs) were high-intensity physical activities, whereas walking (6.1 ± 0.9 METs), planting transplants (5.8 ± 1.1 METs), throwing a ball (5.6 ± 1.1 METs), and sowing seeds (5.4 ± 0.7 METs) were moderate-intensity physical activities. Running and skipping rope were significantly more intense than the other activities (P < 0.0001). The gardening tasks such as planting transplants and sowing seeds in a garden plot showed similar exercise intensities and energy costs as walking and throwing a ball. This study indicates that gardening can be used as a physical activity intervention to provide health benefits similar to more common physical activities such as walking and running.

A Comparison of Exercise Intensity between Two Horticultural and Four Common Physical Activities among Male Adults in Their 20s

“…To ensure that individuals meet the recommended amount of exercise for adults, individuals should combine moderateand high-intensity activities (Haskell et al, 2007). Therefore, when developing a gardening program aimed at improving health, rather than simply engaging in low-to moderateintensity gardening activities, high-intensity gardening activities such as digging [6.3 ± 1.2 METs (Park et al, 2014a), 6.6 ± 1.6 METs (Park et al, 2014c)] and raking [6.2 ± 1.5 METs (Park et al, 2014c)] should be intermittently combined as part of the gardening program.…”

“…Maintaining a garden is also a moderateintensity activity (3.4 ± 0.6 METs) composed of low-to moderate-intensity sub-activities (Park et al, 2014b) such as weeding (3.4 ± 0.6 METs), harvesting produce (2.7 ± 0.6 METs), and watering with a watering can (2.8 ± 0.9 METs) (Park et al, 2011). Furthermore, a garden establishment program for children aged 11-13 years, similar to Park et al (2014c) study, was composed of high-intensity activities such as digging (6.6 ± 1.6 METs) and raking (6.2 ± 1.5 METs), and moderate-intensity activities such as transplanting plants (4.3 ± 0.5 METs) and watering (4.6 ± 1.1 METs); the latter were carried out for a total of 10 min.…”