Comparison of the osteogenic potentials of autologous cultured osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells loaded onto allogeneic cancellous bone granules

Abstract

We compared the bone regeneration potentials of autologous cultured osteoblasts and of bone-marrow-derived autologous MSCs in combination with allogeneic cancellous bone granules in a rabbit radial defect model. Radial shaft defects over 15 mm were made in 26 New Zealand white rabbits. The animals underwent insertion of allogeneic cancellous bone granules containing autologous osteoblasts into right-side defects (the experimental group) and of allogeneic cancellous bone granules with autologous MSCs into left-side defects (the control group). To quantitatively assess bone regeneration, radiographic evaluations as well as BMD and BMC measurements were performed 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks post-implantation and histology as well as micro-CT image analysis were performed at 6 and 12 weeks. Radiographic evaluations 3 weeks post-implantation showed that the experimental group had a higher mean bone quantity index (p < 0.05) and micro-CT image analysis showed that experimental sides had a greater mean total regenerated bone volume and surface area than the control sides (p < 0.05). Histologic evaluations obtained at 6 and 12 weeks revealed distinctly greater granule resorption and new bone formation in the experimental group. This in vivo study demonstrates that a combination of autologous osteoblasts and small-sized, allogeneic cancellous bone granules leads to more rapid bone regeneration than autologous MSCs and small-sized, allogeneic cancellous bone granules.

The Effect of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma on Bone Regeneration by Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Loaded onto Allogeneic Cancellous Bone Granules

“…The entire process was performed as in previous studies from our lab [Lee et al, 2010[Lee et al, , 2014Kim et al, 2012;Kang et al, 2014]. In brief, rabbits were anesthetized, and 10 mL BM were aspirated by penetrating the cortex of the posterior iliac crest of each animal using an 18-gauge needle attached to a 50-mL syringe containing 0.6 mL heparinized saline solution (3,000 U heparin).…”

“…This process was also performed as in previous studies from our lab [Lee et al, 2010[Lee et al, , 2014Kim et al, 2012;Kang et al, 2014]. Allogeneic cancellous bone was harvested from iliac crests, proximal and distal femurs, and the proximal tibias of NWR weighing 2.5 kg.…”

“…Three independent examiners assessed the plain radiograph images in terms of the volume (V) and density (D) of regenerated bone using our 5 criteria ( Table 1 ), 3 times, respectively, at 3-week intervals. The quantity of regenerated bone (bone quantity index; BQI) was calculated using the following equation: BQI 2 = V × D, where V denotes the assessed mean bone volume and D denotes the assessed mean bone density [Lee et al, 2010[Lee et al, , 2014Kim et al, 2012;Kang et al, 2014].…”

“…Allogeneic cancellous bone is almost ideal in terms of its porosity and biocompatibility; it has a rough surface and numerous pores to enable cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and intercellular contact [Albrektsson and Johansson, 2001;Pruss et al, 2002;Kim et al, 2012].…”

Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data

“…There have been two methods for the clinical use of BMMSCs: either the MSCs are directly loaded onto a scaffold and then seeded onto the defect or the MSCs differentiate to osteoblasts and are then loaded to a scaffold. In vivo studies have demonstrated a greater potential when using autologous derived osteoblasts when compared to MSCs [64,65]. Kang et al [64], performed an experiment, which involved 26 New Zealand rabbits.…”