Comparison of the Pathogenicity of Two Different Branches of Senecavirus a Strain in China

Abstract

Senecavirus A (SVA), an emerging infectious disease, is associated with the porcine idiopathic vesicular disease. Here, the pathogenesis of different strains of SVA was investigated in growing-finishing pigs. We aimed to evaluate the replication characteristics, virus particle morphology, clinical signs, and vesicular lesions in comparison with two different strains of SVA. The animals were infected with SVA HB-CH-2016 or CH/AH-02/2017 by intranasal routes (3 mL, 109TCID50/mL) and monitored daily for 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) for clinical signs and vesicular lesions. Viremia or viral shedding was detected in the blood, fecal swab, and nasal swab samples. Results showed no distinct differences in plaque size, replication ability, and characteristic virions between SVA HB-CH-2016 and CH/AH-02/2017 strains. Animal experimental results showed that both SVA CH/AH-02/2017 and SVA HB-CH-2016 could infect pigs. However, an obvious difference in the pathogenicity and dynamics of infection was observed between SVA HB-CH-2016 and CH/AH-02/2017 strains. The pathogenesis of SVA CH/AH-02/2017 was similar to that of published results of USA strains, whereas the SVA HB-CH-2016 strain had low pathogenicity to pigs. Clinical signs and vesicular lesions were observed in SVA CH/AH-02/2017-infected pigs. Additionally, the different branches of SVA should be capable of inducing broad cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, which play an important role in clearing the SVA virus. This study of animal models for SVA infection will be beneficial to develop vaccines and antivirals.

Preliminary Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Senecavirus A on Pigs

“…In the present study, phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences of SVA strains from different regions was carried out. The results of the phylogenetic analysis suggested that the USA-like SVA strains were predominant in China, which was consistent with the previous studies [ 18 , 19 ]. Besides in China, the USA-like strains were also found in the USA, Brazil, Vietnam, and Colombia.…”

“…First of all, it was important to establish an animal model of SVA infection in finishing pigs, which would be conducive to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of SVA and provide a suitable animal infection model for vaccine research. With reference to previous studies about the pathogenicity of SVA [ 19 , 22 , 23 ], we established the SVA infection model for finishing pigs. Results of challenge experiment showed that the GD-ZYY02-2018 strain could successfully infect finishing pigs.…”

Pathogenicity of Seneca Valley virus in Pigs and Detection in Culicoides from an Infected Pig Farm

“…To compare the pathogenicity of two SVV strains, 90-100 Kg pigs challenged with HB-CH-2016 or CH/AH-02/2017 strain via intranasal routes (3 mL and 1.5 mL respectively to each nostril). The results showed that the pathogenicity of the two strains was different, with the pathogenicity of HB-CH-2016 lower than that of CH/AH-02/2017 [19]. To explore whether the pathogenicity of SVV in pigs is related to the age of pigs and infection route, 30-35, 55-65 or 90-100 day old pigs were selected and challenged with SVV-CH-SD via intraoral or intranasal routes and intranasally or intramuscularly, respectively.…”

A 5-Year Review of Senecavirus A in China since Its Emergence in 2015

“…The second group compared other two isolates, HB-CH-2016 and CH/AH-02/2017, for evaluating their pathogenesis in pigs. The result revealed that SVA-infection-like clinical signs were observed only in CH/AH-02/2017-infected pigs ( 46 ). Both isolates shared 96% homology with each other at the genomic level, and exhibited 29 amino acid differences.…”