Comparison of the performance of liquid–gas injection nozzles in a gas–solid fluidized bed

Characterization of moisture distribution in a fluidized bed

“…it provides additional pathways for the electrical current, increasing the bed conductance [19]. Portoghese [18] and Leach [20] found that more stable and accurate measurements of the liquid distribution in a fluidized bed could be achieved by defluidizing the bed just before measuring its conductance.…”

“…Leach [19] adapted the electrical conductance method to study the impact of spray nozzle geometry on liquid distribution in fluid beds. It was found that the presence of water increased the electrical conductance of a defluidized, packed bed and that, as the liquid spreads through the bed;…”

“…It is then used in a fluidized bed, following the method developed by Portoghese [18] and Leach [19].…”

“…The conductance measurements in the fluidized bed used an experimental procedure similar to the procedures developed by Portoghese [18] and Leach [19]. First, the fluidization velocity was set at 12 cm/s and then 162 ml of water were injected over about 40 s with the "high ALR" spray nozzle.…”

Evaluation of the spray stability on liquid injection in gas–solid fluidized beds by passive vibrometric methods

“…For many gas–solid fluidized bed operations, gas atomised liquid feed is injected via spray nozzles. These injections can be used to introduce feedstocks or coolants to different chemical reactors such as gas‐phase polymerisation reactors and fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) units (Briens et al, 2003; Ariyapadi et al, 2005; House et al, 2008; Portoghese et al, 2008; Leach et al, 2009).…”