Comparison of the physical properties of real and artificial salmonid eggs and of their performance when drifting in an experimental stream channel

Crisp, D. T.

doi:10.1007/bf00011665

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The velocities at 0.6 of depth in the channels during the drift experiments were similar ot those occurring in natural streams during spates, though velocities well above 100 cm scan occur at some locations in natural streams during spates. During such spates the average drift distance of eggs washed out of redds may be several tens of metres (Crisp, 1989a) and there are likely to be between one and two bed contacts m - (Crisp, 1989b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Some effects of application of mechanical shock at varying stages of development upon the survival and hatching time of British salmonid eggs

Crisp

1990

Hydrobiologia

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A standard mechanical shock, by dropping, was applied to eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and Atlantic salmon (S. salar L) at several different stages of development to assess variation in sensitivity to mechanical shock during the course of development. Other experiments tested the effect of drifting along 10 m of experimental channel upon the survival of trout eggs at two stages of development.Survival to hatch in control batches of trout eggs and in batches which were given pre-shock handling but which were not shocked was generally high (c. 95 %) and application of shock soon after fertilisation and water-hardening or after 'eyeing' had little effect on survival. Trout eggs suffered mortality of 50 to 60% when given a shock of c. 8000 ergs at between 10 and 20% completion of development to median hatch. Observations on Atlantic salmon eggs suggested a similar pattern but were not conclusive.Trout eggs which drifted 10 m in an experimental channel at 10-20% completed development to median hatch suffered 45-56% mortality -similar to the rate observed in eggs given a shock of c. 8000 ergs. Similar drifting at 60-70% completed development to median hatch had no detectable effect on survival.There is some evidence that application of mechanical shock to trout eggs by dropping or by drift can sometimes modify hatching date.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eggs were fertilised at the Grassholme channels (Ottaway & Clarke, 1981;Crisp, 1989b) and were reared there in small mesh boxes. In each year two drifting experiments were performed.…”

Section: Drift Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some effects of application of mechanical shock at varying stages of development upon the survival and hatching time of British salmonid eggs

Crisp

1990

Hydrobiologia

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“…An accurate estimate of egg deposition prior to these losses could provide insight into the total spawning effort occurring on spawning sites targeted for rehabilitation (Perkins and Krueger 1995) as well the relative importance of losses due to predation. Artificial eggs have been used to replicate salmonid egg movement in streams, mimicking egg losses caused by physical disturbance in spawning areas (Crisp 1989). In the same manner, artificial eggs have been used on spawning reefs in the Great Lakes because natural egg deposition rates are extremely low .…”

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A Comparison of Egg Funnel and Egg Bag Estimates of Egg Deposition in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan

Barton

Galarowicz

Claramunt

et al. 2011

N American J Fish Manag

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Reefs are used for spawning by Great Lakes fishes such as the lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, and cisco C. artedi. We designed egg funnels as a new type of sampling gear for quantifying egg deposition while minimizing losses of eggs to physical disturbance and predation. Egg funnels were compared with traditionally used egg bags to quantify egg deposition by spawning fish. In addition, the efficiencies of the egg funnels and egg bags were measured by seeding each gear type with artificial lake trout and lake whitefish eggs in situ. Egg funnels were as efficient as or more efficient than egg bags for capturing artificial eggs and naturally deposited lake trout eggs in both 2008 and 2009. Egg funnels had lower efficiency than egg bags for capture of natural coregonid eggs in 2008, potentially due to avoidance of the gear by spawners; gear avoidance was reduced by burying the egg funnels more deeply in 2009. Accurate estimates of egg deposition will assist fisheries managers in making more-informed decisions for management actions, such as stocking strategies and habitat protection.Fish species that spawn over rocky shoals or reefs in Lake Michigan-including lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, and cisco C. artedi-have recently suffered declines that are attributed to overexploitation, mortality from sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, and habitat degradation (Eschmeyer 1957;Wells and McLain 1973;Eshenroder and Amatangelo 2002). Locations where these species spawned historically are inferred from catch records of fish caught in spawning aggregations (Marsden et al. 1991;Marsden 1994). Although the catch records indicate where and when fish were staging prior to spawning, there is little insight as to the exact spawning habitat selected for egg deposition and the quantity of eggs deposited on various habitat types.

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Use of artificial eggs in studies of washout depth and drift distance for salmonid eggs

Crisp

1989

Hydrobiologia

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Colour-coded artificial trout eggs were used in investigations of washout depth in a natural stream and of drift distance relative to water velocity in an experimental channel and in a section of natural stream. Washout depth was studied in a spawning riffle of a stream whose bankfii discharge is 5.6 m3 s -'. During an experiment when spates never exceeded 6.5 m3 s -', egg washout was severe at 5 cm depth within the gravel, variable at 10 cm and negligible at 15 cm. During another experiment when a spate of 9.0 m3 s -' (return period lo-20 years) occurred, washout was severe at 5 and 10 cm depth and variable at 15 cm. There was also evidence that some eggs were moved short distances downstream within the gravel without being washed out.Within experimental channels, drift distance could be predicted from multiple regressions relating logarithms of water velocity, percentage of eggs settled and distance from point of release. At a water velocity of 100 cm s -' at 0.6 depth, 50% of eggs would settle within 8 m of the point of release. At water velocities of 75 to 100 cm s -l drifting eggs would, on average, travel at c. 60 y0 of water velocity and make 1 to 2 bed contacts m-' of travel.A similar multiple regression can be applied to data from a natural stream channel. It predicts much larger drift distances (50% settled in 42 m at 100 cm s -'). However, in the natural channel, settlement appears aggregated and the validity of the concept of 'permanent settlement' is in doubt.

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Comparison of the physical properties of real and artificial salmonid eggs and of their performance when drifting in an experimental stream channel

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Some effects of application of mechanical shock at varying stages of development upon the survival and hatching time of British salmonid eggs

Some effects of application of mechanical shock at varying stages of development upon the survival and hatching time of British salmonid eggs

A Comparison of Egg Funnel and Egg Bag Estimates of Egg Deposition in Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan

Use of artificial eggs in studies of washout depth and drift distance for salmonid eggs

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