Comparison of the physical properties of hardwood and softwood pulps

Antonsson, Stefan; Mäkelä, Petri; Fellers, Christer; Lindström, Mikael

doi:10.3183/npprj-2009-24-04-p409-414

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…However, this effect is reduced when the sheets are dried under restraint. This is explained by the reduction of interfiber contacts during restrained drying (see section ''Density, fiber content and porosity'') [23]. These findings are in accordance with other studies [16,105].…”

Section: Fiber Curl and Twistsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Lower fiber coarseness gives a higher contact area between the fibers in the paper sheet [23]. This can be related to the collapse of the lumen, the resulting flattening of the fiber, and the subsequent increase in the contact area (see section ''Inter-fiber contact'').…”

Section: Beating and Refiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher fiber widths lead to higher hygroexpansion (0.12 and 0.20% expansion for a width of 20 and 35 lm, respectively; direction of measurement not indicated) [23]. Uesaka and Moss [101] observed that longer fibers lead to reduced paper hygroexpansion (expansion of *0.05 to 0.12%exp/%m.c.…”

Section: Fiber Length and Width And Cell Wall Layer Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cross direction (CD), values of 0.48 and 0.54% for a humidity increase of 10% r.h. to 90% r.h were found for different species [15]. Generally, hardwood pulps seem to show lower hygroexpansion than softwood pulp (*0.23% expansion for softwood, 0.13% for hardwood, paper density of *680 kg/m 3 ) [23]. The longitudinal and transverse expansion coefficients are reported to be 0.5-2.7 and 4-8% for compression wood, 1-2 and 5-8% for juvenile wood and 1-1.5 and 6-12% for mature wood [91].…”

Section: Fiber Curl and Twistmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contraction and expansion of the sample causes a displacement of the movable clamp. This displacement is monitored via a micrometer, or in newer versions by a linear variable differential transformer [19][20][21] or a laser scanning position sensor [11,22,23]. The disadvantage is that the movable clamp needs to apply some load in order to stretch the sample.…”

Section: Measurement Of Single Fiber and Paper Sheet Hygroexpansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting the hygroexpansion of paper

Lindner

2017

J Mater Sci

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Paper is a widely used packaging material and is nowadays regaining importance, e.g., as bio-based and biodegradable material. Moreover, new technologies such as polymer-fiber composites, printed electronics and the deep drawing of paper are developing. The process stability and also the resulting quality of paper converting processes such as coating, metallization, printing, and the printing of electronics are highly affected by the hygroexpansion of paper. In order to reduce production instability and to choose and develop paper substrates with ideal characteristics, critical parameters need to be known. This paper offers an extensive overview of those parameters, starting at a molecular and microscopic level with the effect of the constituents and morphology of single fibers, before moving on to paper contents, chemical modifications and additives and finally concluding with paper production and fiber network modification. It was found that the major influences are single fiber sorption, inter-fiber contacts, microfibril angle, fiber morphology (length, width, curliness) and fiber orientation. This review gives new ideas and insights for technologists working in research, development and production optimization of paper-based products.

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Section: Fiber Curl and Twistsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Beating and Refiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fiber Length and Width And Cell Wall Layer Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fiber Curl and Twistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Single Fiber and Paper Sheet Hygroexpansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting the hygroexpansion of paper

Lindner

2017

J Mater Sci

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Fabrication, Functionalities and Applications of Transparent Wood: A Review

Xin

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Transparent wood (TW)‐based materials have increasingly become the focus of researchers worldwide owing to their superior physico‐chemical‐optical properties, sustainable nature, as well as the fact that they are highly accommodating frameworks that can act as building blocks to readily explore a vast range of potential functionalities, holding great potential to displace glass and plastics in their various respective applications. The integration of multiple functionalities into TW has been undertaken to fulfill the demands of prospective sophisticated applications through the utilization of functional fillers or coatings. Herein, the up‐to‐date foundational developments and reports concerning emergent TW composites and coatings from a perspective of fabrication‐functionality‐application are comprehensively summarized, with a particular focus on seven specific functionalities; i) solar control; ii) chromically‐responsive, iii) electrically‐conductive, iv) shape‐memory active; v) flame‐retardant; vi) electromagnetic interference shielding; and vii) aesthetics. The potential applications of TW with these functionalities are also discussed. Finally, the current challenge with TW is addressed, as well as the future developments required for eventual real‐world application.

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