Comparison of the PREMIER cryptococcal antigen enzyme immunoassay and the latex agglutination assay for detection of cryptococcal antigens

Gade, Wayne; Hinnefeld, S W; Babcock, Laura S.; Gilligan, Peter H.; Kelly, William A.; Wait, K J; Greer, Donald L.; Pinilla, M; Kaplan, Raymond L.

doi:10.1128/jcm.29.8.1616-1619.1991

Cited by 90 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Detection of capsular polysaccharide by latex agglutination (LA) using a variety of U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA)‐cleared test kits is a most useful method for rapid diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis, positive in about 90% of cases (Table 3) (48–59). While an FDA‐cleared EIA kit is available, it is more expensive than LA and offers no clear advantage (48).…”

Section: Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen detection, serology, and molecular diagnosis of invasive mycoses in the immunocompromised host

Wheat¹

2006

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Understanding the uses and limitations of methods for rapid diagnosis of fungal disease is essential in order to diagnose and treat these infections early in their course. Antigen detection methods are useful for diagnosis of aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, and penicilliosis marneffei. The accuracy of the beta-glucan assay for diagnosis of aspergillosis and candidiasis and its role in fungal diagnosis remains unclear, in part because the few published studies report widely varying specificity. Serologic tests for antibodies are also useful for diagnosis of histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis, but their sensitivity may be reduced by immunosuppression. While molecular diagnostic methods have been described and are available at some reference and university laboratories, their role in patient care remains uncertain, largely because of the lack of well-characterized assays and studies establishing their accuracy. Culture methods, although essential for establishing the diagnosis in some cases, have limitations for rapid diagnosis, namely insensitivity, need for invasive procedures, and delayed growth.

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Section: Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigen detection, serology, and molecular diagnosis of invasive mycoses in the immunocompromised host

Wheat¹

2006

Transplant Infectious Dis

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“…The available MAbs have been studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (8,11,17,24,25,46,48), immunodiffusion (24,25,46), and immunofluorescence (23-25, 41, 48). Several MAbs are now used in diagnostic tests for capsular polysaccharide (28,33,47). MAbs have also been tested for their ability to protect mice against experimental cryptococcosis and were found to provide various levels of protection depending on the experimental model, the antibody isotype, and the fine specificity of the antibody (17, 21, 22, 37-40, 43, 53).…”

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confidence: 99%

Reactivity patterns and epitope specificities of anti-Cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot enzyme assay

et al. 1997

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Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannans (GXM) are capsular polysaccharides important for virulence in cryptococcosis. This study used dot enzyme assays (DEA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine the reactivity patterns of 21 murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with structurally defined GXMs from five serotypes. The MAbs were categorized into eight groups on the basis of DEA and five groups on the basis of ELISA. MAbs 302, 339, and 439 were studied extensively for their binding to various native and chemically modified GXMs. Quantitative variation in the inhibitory effects of GXMs on the binding of MAbs 302, 339, and 439 were observed by competitive ELISA. O-Deacetylation of serotype A, B, and D GXM resulted in the complete loss of their inhibitory properties. Carboxyl group reduction of GXMs from serotypes A and D resulted in a significant decrease of inhibitory activity for MAb. Xylomannans and methyl glycosides exhibited no detectable inhibitory activity on MAb binding to GXM. The results indicate (i) the existence of five to eight MAb-defined distinct epitopes in C. neoformans GXM that can elicit antibody responses, (ii) MAb detection of antigenic variation within GXMs assigned to a particular serotype, (iii) good correspondence between the patterns of MAb reactivities and polyclonal rabbit factor sera, (iv) good agreement between MAb molecular structure and serotype reactivity, and (v) a dependence of the serotype reactivity profile for a given MAb on the technique used to measure binding.

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“…These data, therefore, support the earlier finding of Grade el al. [7] that EIA titres are frequently 20to 100-fold higher than LA titres. Our LA data for the three participating laboratories demonstrated full agreement, using the kits from various sources ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Negative tests gave readings of <0.07. The EIA titres for the positive specimens were calculated using the following formula based upon the studies of Gade et al [7]: absorbance x dilution factor x control factor= EIA titre.…”

Section: Enzyme Immunoassay and Latex Agglutination Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of cryptococcal antigen

Sekhon

Garg

Kaufman

et al. 1993

Mycoses

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Summary. A total of 143 cerebrospinal and serum samples, from proven and suspected cases of cryptococcosis, were concurrently examined using a recently introduced enzyme immunoassay (EIA Premier, Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) and three latex agglutination (LA) procedures (Immunomycologics, Inc., Norman, OK, USA; IBL, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA and a non‐commercial LA test). Of these 143 specimens, 115 were negative for cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) with the EIA and LA tests. The remaining 28 specimens were evaluated by the LA tests, and all were positive for CrAg (with titres ranging from 1:2 to 1:8192). Of these 28 LA‐positive specimens, 26 were also tested by the EIA. This procedure detected CrAg in 23 specimens (88.5%), with antigen levels ranging from 1:4 to 1:266,857. There were 3 LA‐positive specimens (titres 1:4 to 1:32) which were negative by the EIA procedure (10.7%). One LA‐negative specimen demonstrated CrAg (titre 1:30) by the EIA procedure. The sensitivity of the EIA and LA tests was 85.2 and 100%, respectively. The specificity of the LA test was 100%, whereas that of the EIA was 97%. The agreement among laboratories for testing the specimens with the three LA tests was 100%. Zusammenfassung. An 143 Liquor‐ und Serumproben von Patienten mit bewiesener Cryptococcose oder Cryptococcose‐Verdacht wurde ein neu eingeführter Enzymimmunoassay (EIA Premier, Meridian Diagnostics, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) zum Cryptococcus‐Antigen‐nachweis (CrAG) vergleichend mit drei Latex‐Agglutinationssystemen (LA; Immunomycologics, Inc., Norman, OK, USA; IBL, Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA; und ein nicht‐kommerzieller LA‐Test) bewertet. Von den 143 Proben waren 115 CrAG‐negativ im EIA und in den LA‐Tests. Die übrigen 28 Proben waren in den LA‐Tests CrAG‐positiv rnit Titern von 1:2 bis 1:8192. Von diesen 28 Proben wurden 26 auch im EIA geprüft. Dieses System reagierte bei 23 Proben (88.5%) CrAG‐positiv mit Titern von 1:4 bis 1:266 857. Drei Proben, die in den LA‐tests mit Titern von 1:4 bis 1:32 CrAG‐positiv waren, reagierten im EIA CrAG‐negativ (10.7%). Eine in den LA‐Tests CrAG‐negative Probe reagierte im EIA rnit einem Titer von 1:30 CrAG‐positiv. Die Sensitivi‐tät des EIA betrug 85.2%, die der LA‐Tests 100%. Die Spezifität der LA‐Tests lag bei 100%, die des EIA bei 97%. Die Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse der drei LA‐Tests zwischen den drei Testlaboratorien betrug 100%.

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Comparison of the PREMIER cryptococcal antigen enzyme immunoassay and the latex agglutination assay for detection of cryptococcal antigens

Cited by 90 publications

References 11 publications

Antigen detection, serology, and molecular diagnosis of invasive mycoses in the immunocompromised host

Antigen detection, serology, and molecular diagnosis of invasive mycoses in the immunocompromised host

Reactivity patterns and epitope specificities of anti-Cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot enzyme assay

Evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of cryptococcal antigen

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