Comparison of the psychometric properties of 3 pain scales used in the pediatric emergency department: Visual Analogue Scale, Faces Pain Scale-Revised, and Colour Analogue Scale

May, Sylvie Le; Ballard, Ariane; Khadra, Christelle; Gouin, Serge; Plint, Amy C.; Villeneuve, Édith; Mâsse, Benoı̂t; Tsze, Daniel S; Neto, Gina; Drendel, Amy L.; Auclair, Marie‐Christine; McGrath, Patrick J.; Ali, Samina

doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001236

Cited by 69 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…FPS-R, CAS, and VAS are all reliable enough to be used in PERs. However, CAS demonstrated a slightly higher responsiveness and reliability, so the authors recommended CAS for children 6–17 years old [71]. However, no other studies confirming these findings were found.…”

Section: Acute Pain Assessment In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric Pain Medicine: Pain Differences, Recognition and Coping Acute Procedural Pain in Paediatric Emergency Room

Pancekauskaitė

Jankauskaitė

2018

Medicina

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Paediatric pain and its assessment and management are challenging for medical professionals, especially in an urgent care environment. Patients in a paediatric emergency room (PER) often undergo painful procedures which are an additional source of distress, anxiety, and pain. Paediatric procedural pain is often underestimated and neglected because of various myths, beliefs, and difficulties in its evaluation and treatment. However, it is very different from other origins of pain as it can be preventable. It is known that neonates and children can feel pain and that it has long-term effects that last through childhood into adulthood. There are a variety of pain assessment tools for children and they should be chosen according to the patient’s age, developmental stage, communication skills, and medical condition. Psychological factors such as PER environment, preprocedural preparation, and parental involvement should also be considered. There are proven methods to reduce a patient’s pain and anxiety during different procedures in PER. Distraction techniques such as music, videogames, virtual reality, or simple talk about movies, friends, or hobbies as well as cutaneous stimulation, vibration, cooling sprays, or devices are effective to alleviate procedural pain and anxiety. A choice of distraction technique should be individualized, selecting children who could benefit from nonpharmacological pain treatment methods or tools. Nonpharmacological pain management may reduce dosage of pain medication or exclude pharmacological pain management. Most nonpharmacological treatment methods are cheap, easily accessible, and safe to use on every child, so it should always be a first choice when planning a patient’s care. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of paediatric pain features, along with their physiology, assessment, management, and to highlight the importance and efficacy of nonpharmacological pain management in an urgent paediatric care setting.

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Section: Acute Pain Assessment In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paediatric Pain Medicine: Pain Differences, Recognition and Coping Acute Procedural Pain in Paediatric Emergency Room

Pancekauskaitė

Jankauskaitė

2018

Medicina

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“…This scale is considered to be reliable and has good psychometric properties, but in a study of 456 children in the pediatric emergency service in Canada, it diverged compared to the visual analogue scales and Color Analog Scale, both of which assessed pain intensity (15) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of pain in children submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Sampaio¹,

Mercês²,

Tacla³

et al. 2019

Rev Rene

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Objective: to evaluate pain in children undergoing transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. Methods: longitudinal and analytical research with children hospitalized for transplant of hematopoietic stem cells with Faces Pain Scale Revised, every four hours from hospital admission to hospital discharge analyzed with relative absolute frequency and chi-square test. Results: nine children aged four to nine years old were evaluated, totaling 1,095 ratings in 23.4% were reported with some pain score; of these, 38.9% were in hypo pharynx region; 78.8%, moderate pain. The chi-square showed significance between pain scores weeks post-transplantation and pain existence among the analyzed children. Conclusion: although the pain has not affected large proportion of children, moderate and strong pain covered around 80.0% of complaints along the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation process. Thus, it is suggested that the evaluation of pain is one of the signs to be inserted in the protocols of nursing interventions in this context of caring.

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“…We will explore the length of stay for patients in the ED and the length of time to effective analgesia (a vNRS pain score of less than 3). Finally, we will record the children’s self-reported pain intensity using a visual analog scale and the Face Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) at all study times [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-steroidal or opioid analgesia use for children with musculoskeletal injuries (the No OUCH study): statistical analysis plan

Heath

Yaskina

Hopkin

et al. 2020

Trials

Self Cite

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Background: Pediatric musculoskeletal injuries cause moderate to severe pain, which should ideally be addressed upon arrival to the emergency department (ED). Despite extensive research in ED-based pediatric pain treatment, recent studies confirm that pain management in this setting remains suboptimal. The No OUCH study consist of two complementary, randomized, placebo-controlled trials that will run simultaneously for patients presenting to the ED with an acute limb injury and a self-reported pain score of at least 5/10, measured via a verbal numerical rating scale (vNRS). Caregiver/parent choice will determine whether patients are randomized to the two-arm or three-arm trial. In the two-arm trial, patients will be randomized to receive either ibuprofen alone or ibuprofen in combination with acetaminophen. In the three-arm trial, patients can also be randomized to a third arm where they would receive ibuprofen in combination with hydromorphone. This article details the statistical analysis plan for the No OUCH study and was submitted before the trial outcomes were available for analysis. Methods/design: The primary endpoint of the No OUCH study is self-reported pain at 60 min, recorded using a vNRS. The principal safety outcome is the presence of any adverse event related to study drug administration. Secondary effectiveness endpoints include pain measurements using the Faces Pain Scale-Revised and the visual analog scale, time to effective analgesia, requirement of a rescue analgesic, missed fractures, and observed pain reduction using different definitions of successful analgesia. Secondary safety outcomes include sedation measured using the Ramsay Sedation Score and serious adverse events. Finally, the No OUCH study investigates the reasons given by the caregiver for selecting the two-arm (Non-Opioid) or three-arm (Opioid) trial, caregiver satisfaction, physician preferences for analgesics, and caregiver comfort with at-home pain management.

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Comparison of the psychometric properties of 3 pain scales used in the pediatric emergency department: Visual Analogue Scale, Faces Pain Scale-Revised, and Colour Analogue Scale

Cited by 69 publications

References 59 publications

Paediatric Pain Medicine: Pain Differences, Recognition and Coping Acute Procedural Pain in Paediatric Emergency Room

Paediatric Pain Medicine: Pain Differences, Recognition and Coping Acute Procedural Pain in Paediatric Emergency Room

Evaluation of pain in children submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Non-steroidal or opioid analgesia use for children with musculoskeletal injuries (the No OUCH study): statistical analysis plan

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